ULWAZI KAMASIPALA
- Isendlalelo kanye Nomlando
- Design
- Ukuhamba Kokukhiqiza
- Ukukhetha Magnet
- Ukwelashwa Kwendawo Engaphezulu
- Amandla kazibuthe
- I-Dimension Range, Usayizi nokubekezelela
- Isimiso sokuphepha sokusebenza mathupha
Ozibuthe baphakade bayingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwanamuhla. Zitholakala ngaphakathi noma zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza cishe yonke into yesimanje namuhla. Ozibuthe bokuqala abangapheli bakhiqizwa emadwaleni endalo abizwa ngokuthi ama-lodestones. Lawa matshe aqala ukufundwa eminyakeni engu-2500 edlule ngamaShayina futhi kamuva amaGreki, athola itshe esifundazweni saseMagnetes, lapho le nto yaqanjwa khona. Kusukela lapho, izakhiwo zikazibuthe ziye zathuthukiswa kakhulu futhi izinto ezisetshenziswa kazibuthe zanamuhla zinamandla aphindwe ngamakhulu kunozibuthe basendulo. Igama elithi uzibuthe unomphela livela ekhonweni likazibuthe lokubamba ukushajwa kazibuthe okubangelwe ngemva kokususwa edivayisini yokuzibuthe. Imishini enjalo ingase ibe abanye omagnethi abangapheli abanamandla kazibuthe, omazibuthe kagesi noma amakhoyili ezintambo ashajwe isikhashana ngogesi. Ikhono lazo lokubamba amandla kazibuthe lizenza zibe usizo ekubambeni izinto endaweni, ukuguqula ugesi ube amandla ashukumisayo futhi okuphambene nalokho (amamotho namajeneretha), noma ukuphazamisa ezinye izinto ezilethwa eduze kwazo.
Ukusebenza okuphakeme kazibuthe kuwumsebenzi wobunjiniyela obungcono kazibuthe. Kumakhasimende adinga usizo lokuklama noma imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi yesekethe, Iqembu le-QM ithimba lonjiniyela bezicelo abanolwazi kanye nonjiniyela bokuthengisa benkundla abanolwazi basemsebenzini wakho. QM onjiniyela basebenza namakhasimende ukuthuthukisa noma ukuqinisekisa imiklamo ekhona kanye nokuthuthukisa imiklamo yenoveli ekhiqiza imiphumela ekhethekile kazibuthe. QM isungule imiklamo kazibuthe enelungelo lobunikazi eletha amandla kazibuthe aqine ngokwedlulele, afanayo noma amise ngokukhethekile evamise ukuthatha indawo yemiklamo kazibuthe eqinile nengasebenzi kahle kanye nemiklamo kazibuthe ehlala njalo. Amakhasimende ayazethemba uma hey eletha umqondo oyinkimbinkimbi noma umbono omusha lowo QM izohlangabezana naleyo nselelo ngokudweba kusukela eminyakeni eyi-10 yobuchwepheshe obufakazelwe kazibuthe. QM unabantu, imikhiqizo kanye nobuchwepheshe obenza omazibuthe basebenze.
Ukukhethwa kukazibuthe kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza kufanele kucabangele yonke imjikelezo kazibuthe nendawo ezungezile. Lapho i-Alnico ifaneleka, usayizi kazibuthe ungancishiswa uma ungaba uzibuthe ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kusekethe kazibuthe. Uma isetshenziswa ngokuzimela kwezinye izingxenye zesekethe, njengakuzinhlelo zokusebenza zokuphepha, ubude obusebenzayo kuya kububanzi besilinganiso (okuhlobene ne-permeance coefficient) kufanele ibe nkulu ngokwanele ukuze ibangele ukuthi uzibuthe usebenze ngaphezu kwedolo ejikeni layo lesibili le-quadrant demagnetization. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi, ozibuthe be-Alnico bangase balinganiswe kunani elimisiwe lokuminyana kwereferensi.
Umkhiqizo ovela eceleni wokuphoqeka okuphansi ukuzwela emiphumeleni yokukhipha uzibuthe ngenxa yezinkambu kazibuthe zangaphandle, ukushaqeka, namazinga okushisa ohlelo lokusebenza. Ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi, ozibuthe be-Alnico bangaqiniswa izinga lokushisa ukuze kuncishiswe le miphumela Kunezigaba ezine zozibuthe besimanje abezentengiselwano, ngalinye lisekelwe ekwakhekeni kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngaphakathi kwekilasi ngalinye kunomndeni wamabanga anezici zawo kazibuthe. Lawa makilasi ajwayelekile:
I-NdFeB ne-SmCo zihlangene zaziwa ngokuthi omazibuthe be-Rare Earth ngoba womabili akhiwe ngezinto eziphuma eqenjini lezakhi ze-Rare Earth. I-Neodymium Iron Boron (ukwakheka okujwayelekile okungu-Nd2Fe14B, okuvame ukufushaniswa ku-NdFeB) iyisengezo sakamuva kakhulu sokuthengisa emndenini wezinto zikazibuthe zesimanje. Emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, omagnethi be-NdFeB bakhombisa izakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu zazo zonke izinto zikazibuthe. I-Samarium Cobalt ikhiqizwa ngezingoma ezimbili: i-Sm1Co5 ne-Sm2Co17 - evame ukubizwa ngokuthi yizinhlobo ze-SmCo 1:5 noma i-SmCo 2:17. 2:17 izinhlobo, ezinamavelu aphezulu e-Hci, zinikeza ukuzinza okukhulu kwemvelo kunezinhlobo ezingu-1:5. I-Ceramic, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Ferrite, omagnet (ukwakheka okujwayelekile kwe-BaFe2O3 noma i-SrFe2O3) benziwe ukuhweba kusukela ngawo-1950s futhi basaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla ngenxa yezindleko zabo eziphansi. Uhlobo olukhethekile lukazibuthe we-Ceramic "Flexible" impahla, eyenziwe ngokuhlanganisa i-Ceramic powder kusibophezelo esivumelana nezimo. Ozibuthe be-Alnico (ukwakheka okujwayelekile i-Al-Ni-Co) bathengiswa ngeminyaka yawo-1930s futhi basasetshenziswa kakhulu nanamuhla.
Lezi zinto zithatha ububanzi bezakhiwo ezivumela inhlobonhlobo yezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza. Okulandelayo kuhloswe ngakho ukunikeza umbono obanzi kodwa osebenzayo wezici okufanele zicatshangelwe ekukhetheni impahla efanele, ibanga, umumo, nosayizi wezibuthe wohlelo oluthile. Ishadi elingezansi libonisa amanani ajwayelekile ezici ezibalulekile zamabanga akhethiwe wezinto ezihlukahlukene ukuze kuqhathaniswe. Lawa magugu azoxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe ezigabeni ezilandelayo.
Ukuqhathanisa Material Magnet
Material | Grade | Br | Hc | Hci | BH max | T max(Deg c)* |
NdFeB | 39H | 12,800 | 12,300 | 21,000 | 40 | 150 |
USmCo | 26 | 10,500 | 9,200 | 10,000 | 26 | 300 |
NdFeB | I-B10N | 6,800 | 5,780 | 10,300 | 10 | 150 |
Alnico | 5 | 12,500 | 640 | 640 | 5.5 | 540 |
sobumba | 8 | 3,900 | 3,200 | 3,250 | 3.5 | 300 |
Flexible | 1 | 1,500 | 1,380 | 1,380 | 0.6 | 100 |
* I-T max (izinga eliphezulu lokushisa elisebenzayo elisebenzayo) ingeyereferensi kuphela. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elisebenzayo lanoma yimuphi uzibuthe lincike kumjikelezo uzibuthe osebenza kuwo.
Ozibuthe bangase badinge ukugcotshwa kuye ngokuthi isicelo bahloselwe sona. Ozibuthe bokwemboza bathuthukisa ukubukeka, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuvikeleka ekugugeni futhi bangase bafanelekele ukusetshenziswa ezimeni ezihlanzekile zegumbi.
I-Samarium Cobalt, izinto ze-Alnico ziyamelana nokugqwala, futhi azidingi ukuthi zimbozwe ngokumelene nokugqwala. I-Alnico ifakwe kalula izimfanelo zezimonyo.
Ozibuthe be-NdFeB basengozini yokugqwala futhi bavame ukuvikelwa ngale ndlela. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezingubo ezifanele odonsa unomphela, Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zokumboza ezizofaneleka kuzo zonke izinto ezibonakalayo noma ijometri kazibuthe, futhi ukukhetha kokugcina kuzoncika ekusetshenzisweni nakwindawo. Inketho eyengeziwe ukufaka uzibuthe endaweni ye-casing yangaphandle ukuvimbela ukugqwala nokulimala.
Ama-Coatings Atholakalayo | ||||
I-Su rface | esinemthombo | Ubukhulu (Amancanyana) | Color | Resistance |
Ukususwa | 1 | Isiliva Grey | Ukuvikelwa Kwesikhashana | |
nickel | Ni+Ni | 10-20 | Isiliva elikhanyayo | Kuhle kakhulu ngokumelene Nomswakama |
Ni+Cu+Ni | ||||
Zinc | Zn | 8-20 | Bright Blue | Okuhle Ngokuphikisana Nesifutho Sosawoti |
C-Zn | Umbala Ocwebezelayo | Okuhle Ngokuphikisana Nesifutho Sosawoti | ||
Tin | Ni+Cu+Sn | 15-20 | Silver | Superior Against Humidity |
Gold | Ni+Cu+Au | 10-20 | Gold | Superior Against Humidity |
Copper | Ni+Cu | 10-20 | Gold | Ukuvikelwa Kwesikhashana |
I-Epoxy | I-Epoxy | 15-25 | Okumnyama, Okubomvu, Okumpunga | Kuhle Ngokumelene Nomswakama |
I-Ni+Cu+Epoxy | ||||
I-Zn+Epoxy | ||||
Chemical | Ni | 10-20 | Isiliva Grey | Kuhle Ngokumelene Nomswakama |
I-Parylene | I-Parylene | 5-20 | Grey | Kuhle Ngokumelene Nomswakama, Isifutho Sikasawoti. Superior Against Solvents, Gases, Fungi and Bacteria. |
Umazibuthe ongunaphakade ohlinzekwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbili, Owenziwe Zibuthe noma ongenawo uzibuthe, ngokuvamile awuphawulwa ukugqama kwawo. Uma umsebenzisi edinga, singamaka i-polarity ngezindlela okuvunyelwene ngazo. Lapho ehambisa i-oda, umsebenzisi kufanele azise isimo sokuhlinzeka futhi uma uphawu lwe-polarity ludingeka.
Inkambu kazibuthe kakazibuthe unomphela ihlobene nohlobo lwempahla kazibuthe unomphela namandla ayo angaphakathi okuphoqeleka. Uma uzibuthe udinga i-magnetization kanye ne-demagnetization, sicela uxhumane nathi futhi ucele ukwesekwa kwamasu.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwenza uzibuthe uzibuthe: inkambu ye-DC kanye ne-pulse magnetic field.
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokususa uzibuthe: ukukhishwa kazibuthe ngokushisa kuyinqubo ekhethekile. demagnetization emkhakheni we-AC. I-Demagnetization endaweni ye-DC. Lokhu kucela indawo kazibuthe enamandla kakhulu nekhono eliphezulu lokuqeda kazibuthe.
Umumo weJiyomethri kanye nesiqondiso samagnetization sikazibuthe unomphela: empeleni, sikhiqiza uzibuthe unomphela ngezimo ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile, kuhlanganisa ibhulokhi, idiski, indandatho, ingxenye njll. Umdwebo onemininingwane wesiqondisindlela sokudonsa ungezansi:
Izikhombisi-ndlela zeMagnetization | ||
kuqondiswe ukushuba | i-axially oriented | i-axially oriented ngamasegimenti |
i-multipole oriented laterally ebusweni obubodwa | ama-multipole oriented ngamasegimenti ku-diameter yangaphandle* | ama-multipole oriented ngamasegimenti ebusweni obubodwa |
i-radially oriented * | kuqondiswe ngobubanzi * | ama-multipole oriented ngamasegmenti ku-diameter yangaphakathi* konke kutholakala njengezinto ze-isotropic noma ze-anisotropic *itholakala kuphela nge-isotropic kanye nezinto ezithile ze-anisotropic kuphela |
i-radially oriented | i-diametrical oriented |
Ngaphandle kobukhulu obuqonde kumagnetization, ubukhulu bezibuthe obuhlala njalo abudluli u-50mm, obunqunyelwe inkambu yokuma kanye nemishini ye-sintering. Ubukhulu ohlangothini lwe-unmagnetization bufika ku-100mm.
Ukubekezelelana kuvame ukuthi +/-0.05 -- +/-0.10mm.
Phawula: Ezinye izimo zingenziwa ngokuya ngesampula yekhasimende noma ukuphrinta okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
ring | I-Diameter yangaphandle | Ububanzi Inner | Ubukhulu |
Isikhulu | 100.00mm | 95.00m | 50.00mm |
Minimum | 3.80mm | 1.20mm | 0.50mm |
disc | ububanzi | Ubukhulu |
Isikhulu | 100.00mm | 50.00mm |
Minimum | 1.20mm | 0.50mm |
Block | ubude | ububanzi | Ubukhulu |
Isikhulu | 100.00mm | 95.00mm | 50.00mm |
Minimum | 3.80mm | 1.20mm | 0.50mm |
Ingxenye ye-arc | Irediyasi yangaphandle | Irediyasi yangaphakathi | Ubukhulu |
Isikhulu | 75mm | 65mm | 50mm |
Minimum | 1.9mm | 0.6mm | 0.5mm |
1. Ozibuthe abangunaphakade abanamazibuthe aqinile baheha insimbi nezinye izinto kazibuthe ezibazungezile kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwesimo esivamile, opharetha osebenza ngesandla kufanele aqaphele kakhulu ukugwema noma yimuphi umonakalo. Ngenxa yamandla kazibuthe aqinile, uzibuthe omkhulu oseduze nawo uthatha ingozi yokulimala. Abantu bahlale becubungula lezi zidonsa ngokuhlukana noma ngama-clamp. Kulokhu, kufanele sigqoke amagilavu okuvikela asebenza.
2. Kulesi simo samandla kazibuthe aqinile, noma iyiphi ingxenye ye-elekthronikhi enengqondo nemitha yokuhlola ingase ishintshwe noma yonakaliswe. Sicela uqinisekise ukuthi ikhompuyutha, isibonisi kanye nemidiya kazibuthe , isibonelo idiski kazibuthe, ikhasethi lekhasethi elizibuthe kanye netheyiphu yokuqopha ividiyo njll., kukude nezingxenye ezisebenza ngozibuthe, ake sithi kude kuno-2m.
3. Ukungqubuzana kwamandla adonsayo phakathi kozibuthe ababili abangapheli kuzoletha ukucwazimula okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, izinto ezivuthayo noma eziqhumayo akufanele zibekwe eduze kwazo.
4. Uma uzibuthe evezwe ku-hydrogen, akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa ozibuthe unomphela ngaphandle kokumbozwa kokuvikela. Isizathu siwukuthi i-sorption ye-hydrogen izobhubhisa i-microstructure yamagnetic futhi iholele ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zamagnetic. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuvikela uzibuthe ngempumelelo ukufaka uzibuthe ekeseni bese uwuvala.