UKWAZI KWAMAGNETS
- Isendlalelo kanye Nomlando
- Design
- Ukukhetha kweMagnet
- surface Ukwelashwa
- Amandla kazibuthe
- Ububanzi beDimension, ubukhulu nokubekezelelana
- Umgomo wokuphepha wokusebenza ngesandla
Amagnethi anaphakade ayingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yanamuhla. Zitholakala ngaphakathi noma ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza cishe yonke inketho yanamuhla yanamuhla. Amagagasi okuqala anaphakade akhiqizwa emadwaleni avela ngokwemvelo abizwa ngokuthi ama-lodestones. La matshe aqale ukufundwa eminyakeni engama-2500 edlule amaShayina kwathi amaGreek, athola leli tshe esifundazweni saseMagnetes, okuyilapho kwaqanjwa khona igama. Kusukela lapho, izakhiwo zezinto ezinamandla kazibuthe ziye zathuthukiswa kakhulu futhi izinsiza zamanje ezinamandla kazibuthe zinamandla ezikhathini eziphindwe kaningi kunamazinga endulo. Igama elithi uzibuthe laphakade livela emandleni wamandla kazibuthe wokubamba isimangalo esisetshenziswe ngemuva kokususwa kusuka kudivayisi kazibuthe. Amadivaysi anjalo angaba ngamanye amandla ombane ahlala unomphelo, ama-electro-magnets noma amakhoyili wensimbi akhokhiswa kagesi kafushane. Amandla abo okubamba imali ekhishwa ngozibuthe kubenza babe lusizo ekubambeni izinto zisezindaweni, ukuguqula ugesi kumandla wesisusa namandla okuphikisana (ama-motors nama-generator), noma ukuthinta ezinye izinto ezilethwe eduze kwabo.
Ukusebenza kwamandla kazibuthe aphakeme kungumsebenzi wobunjiniyela obungcono bamazibuthe. Kumakhasimende adinga usizo lokuklanywa noma imidwebo eyinkimbinkimbi yesekethe, Ama-QM Ithimba lenjiniyela onolwazi lwesicelo kanye nonjiniyela abanolwazi lokuthengisa insiza kusevisi yakho. QM onjiniyela basebenzisana namakhasimende ukuthuthukisa noma ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwemiklamo ekhona futhi bahlakulele imiklamo yamanoveli ekhiqiza imiphumela ekhethekile yamagnetic. QM usungule ukwakheka kobunhloli obunamandla obukhulu, umfaniswano noma ukwakheka ngokukhethekile ubuzibuthe obuvame ukufaka esikhundleni sombuso wamazibuthe we-sumky-nageji ongagugi kanye nemiklamo kazibuthe engapheli. Amakhasimende ayazithemba lapho i-hey iletha umqondo oyinkimbinkimbi noma umbono omusha wokuthi QM uzohlangabezana naleyo nselelo ngokudweba kusuka eminyakeni eyi-10 yobuchwepheshe bozibuthe obufakazelwe. QM inabantu, imikhiqizo nobuchwepheshe obusebenzisa odonsa.
Ukukhetha kwe-Magnet kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza kufanele kucubungule lonke umjikelezo kazibuthe nendawo ezungezile. Lapho i-Alnico kufanelekile, usayizi wamazibuthe ungancishiswa uma kungaba nokufaka uzibuthe ngemuva komhlangano kokujikeleza ngozibuthe. Uma kusetshenziswe ngokuzimele kwezinye izingxenye zesekethe, njengasezisetshenzisweni zokuphepha, ubude obufanele bokulinganisa ubukhulu (okuhlobene ne-coefficient coeffnty) kumele kube kukhulu ngokwanele ukwenza ukuthi uzibuthe ukuthi usebenze ngaphezulu kweedolo endaweni yakhe yesibili yokubumbana yedignetnet. Ngezicelo ezibucayi, i-Alnico magnets ingahle ilinganiswe kunani elisunguliwe le-flux kwabantu.
Umkhiqizo ophuma ekusebenzelaneni okuphansi ukuzwela emiphumeleni yokudonsa amandla ngenxa yamandla kazibuthe wangaphandle, ukushaqeka, namazinga okushisa okusebenza. Ekusebenzeni okubucayi, odonsa bakwa-Alnico bangaqiniswa ukushisa ukuze banciphise le miphumela Kunezigaba ezine zamagnet ezentengiselwano zesimanje, ngayinye ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwayo. Esigabeni ngasinye kunomndeni wamabanga anezici zawo kazibuthe. Lezi zigaba ezijwayelekile yilezi:
I-NdFeB ne-SmCo zaziwa ngokuhlanganyela njengezimboni Zomhlaba Ongajwayelekile ngoba zombili zakhiwe ngezinto ezivela eqenjini lezinto ezi-Rare Earth. INeodymium Iron Boron (ukwakheka okujwayelekile kwe-Nd2Fe14B, okuvame ukufushaniswa ku-NdFeB) ukwengezwa kwakamuva kakhulu kwezentengiselwano emndenini wezinto zikazibuthe zesimanje. Ekamelweni okushisa, NdFeB odonsa abonise izakhiwo eliphezulu kakhulu zonke izinto uzibuthe. ISamarium Cobalt yenziwa ngezingoma ezimbili: iSm1Co5 neSm2Co17 - okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yizinhlobo zeSmCo 1: 5 noma iSmCo 2:17. Izinhlobo ze-2: 17, ezinamanani aphezulu we-Hci, zinikela ngozinzo olukhulu lokuzalwa kunezinhlobo eziyi-1: 5. I-Ceramic, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Ferrite, odonsa (ukwakheka okujwayelekile i-BaFe2O3 noma i-SrFe2O3) kuthengisiwe kusukela ngawo-1950 futhi iyaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi. Uhlobo olukhethekile lukazibuthe we-Ceramic luyinto "Eguqukayo", eyenziwe ngokuhlanganisa i-Ceramic powder ku-binder eguquguqukayo. Ama-Alnico magnets (ukwakheka okujwayelekile i-Al-Ni-Co) athengiswa ngawo-1930 futhi asasetshenziswa kakhulu nanamuhla.
Lezi zinto zokwakha zilingana ngobubanzi bezinto ezahlukahlukene ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza. Lokhu okulandelayo kuhloselwe ukunikeza ukubuka konke okubanzi kodwa okusebenzayo kokubhekelwa kwezinto okufanele kucatshangelwe ekukhetheni impahla efanelekile, ibanga, ukuma, nosayizi kazibuthe wohlelo oluthile. Ishadi elingezansi libonisa amanani ajwayelekile wezimpawu ezibalulekile zamamaki akhethiwe wezinto ezahlukahlukene zokuqhathanisa. La magugu azoxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe ezigabeni ezilandelayo.
Iziqhathaniso zeMagnet Material
Material | Grade | Br | Hc | Hci | Ubukhulu be-BH | T max (Deg c) * |
NdFeB | 39H | 12,800 | 12,300 | 21,000 | 40 | 150 |
USmCo | 26 | 10,500 | 9,200 | 10,000 | 26 | 300 |
NdFeB | B10N | 6,800 | 5,780 | 10,300 | 10 | 150 |
Alnico | 5 | 12,500 | 640 | 640 | 5.5 | 540 |
sobumba | 8 | 3,900 | 3,200 | 3,250 | 3.5 | 300 |
Flexible | 1 | 1,500 | 1,380 | 1,380 | 0.6 | 100 |
* I-T max (isilinganiso sokushisa esiphezulu esisebenzayo) siyireferensi kuphela. Ukushisa okuphezulu okusebenzayo kwanoma iyiphi uzibuthe kuncike kwisifunda okusebenza kuyo uzibuthe.
Ama-magnets angadinga ukuhlanganiswa ngokuya ngesicelo esenzelwe bona. Ukuhlanganisa ama-magnets kuthuthukisa ukubukeka, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuvikelwa ekugqokeni futhi kungahle kufaneleke kwizicelo ezimeni zegumbi elihlanzekile.
ISamarium Cobalt, izinto ezisetshenziselwa i-Alnico azihambelani nokugqwala, futhi azidingi ukuthi ziboshelwe ngokumelene nokugqwala. I-Alnico yenzelwe kalula izimfanelo zezimonyo.
Amagnethi e-NdFeB atheleka kalula ekugqumeni futhi avikeleke ngale ndlela. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezingubo zokugqoka ezilungele imagnethi yaphakade, Hhayi zonke izinhlobo zokupheka zizokulungela yonke impahla noma i-geometry yamagnetic, futhi ukukhetha kokugcina kuzoncika kwisicelo nendawo ezungezile. Inketho eyengeziwe ukufaka uzibuthe endaweni yokufaka yangaphandle ukuvikela ukugqwala nomonakalo.
Ama-Coatings atholakalayo | ||||
Uhlaka | esinemthombo | Ubukhulu (Microns) | Color | Resistance |
Ukususwa | 1 | Isiliva Grey | Ukuvikelwa Kwesikhashana | |
nickel | Ni + Ni | 10-20 | Isiliva elikhanyayo | Okuhle ngokumelene noMswakama |
Ni + Cu + Ni | ||||
Zinc | Zn | 8-20 | Bright Blue | Kuhle Ngokuphikisana Nosawoti |
C-Zn | Shinny Umbala | Kuhle Kakhulu Ngokuchasene neSawoti Spray | ||
Tin | Ni + Cu + Sn | 15-20 | Silver | Ukuphakama Ngokumelene Nomswakama |
Gold | Ni + Cu + Au | 10-20 | Gold | Ukuphakama Ngokumelene Nomswakama |
Copper | Ni + Cu | 10-20 | Gold | Ukuvikelwa Kwesikhashana |
I-Epoxy | I-Epoxy | 15-25 | Mnyama, Bomvu, Mpunga | Kuhle Ukulwa Nomswakama |
Ni + Cu + Epoxy | ||||
I-Zn + Epoxy | ||||
Chemical | Ni | 10-20 | Isiliva Grey | Kuhle Ukulwa Nomswakama |
UParylene | UParylene | 5-20 | Grey | Kuhle Ukulwa Nomswakama, Isifutho Sosawoti. Ephakeme Ngokumelana Nezixazululo, Amagesi, isikhunta kanye neBacteria. |
Uzibuthe waphakade ohlinzekwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbili, Magnetized noma awunazibuthe, imvamisa ayimakiwe ubukhazikhazi bawo. Uma umsebenzisi edinga, singamaka ubumbana ngezindlela okuvunyelwene ngazo. Lapho kulungiswa i-oda, umsebenzisi kufanele azise isimo sokuhlinzekwa futhi uma kudingeka uphawu lwekhola.
Inkambu yamandla kazibuthe yaphakade ihlobene nohlobo lwamandla kazibuthe ongapheliyo namandla ayo aphakathi nendawo aphikisayo. Uma uzibuthe zidinga i-magnetization kanye ne-demagnetization, sicela uxhumane nathi futhi ucele ukwesekwa kwenqubo.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokufaka uzibuthe: Inkambu yeDC nokukhipha amandla kazibuthe.
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokunciphisa amandla kazibuthe: i-demagnetization ngokushisa iyindlela ekhethekile yokwenza inqubo. demagnetization emkhakheni we-AC. I-Demagnetization emkhakheni weDC. Lokhu kucela amandla kazibuthe anamandla kakhulu nekhono eliphakeme loku demagnetization.
Ijamo lejometri kanye nesiqondisi sezibuko sezibuthe ezingapheli: ngokomqondo, sikhiqiza uzibuthe waphakade ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene. Imvamisa, kufaka phakathi ibhlokhi, idiski, indandatho, ingxenye njll. Umfanekiso ophelele wenkomba kazibuko ungezansi:
Imikhombandlela Magnetization | ||
kususelwa kubukhulu | ithambekele ngokuqondile | ezungezwe izigaba ngezigaba |
phindaphinda kumakhompiyutha ngobuso obubodwa | ||
ithambekele emisebeni | kuthambekele kububanzi * | Ukuphindaphindwa okugxilwe kuzigaba kububanzi obungaphakathi * konke kutholakala njenge-isotropic noma i-anisotropic * itholakala kuphela ku-isotropic nezinto ezithile ze-anisotropic kuphela |
ithambekele emisebeni | okugxiliselwe ku-diametrical |
Ngaphandle kobukhulu ekuqondeni kwamandla kazibuthe, ubukhulu bezibalo zaphakade abudluli kuma-50mm, okukhawulelwe yinkambu yokuqondisa kanye nemishini yokona. Ubukhulu kusiqondisi se-unmagnetization bufika ku-100mm.
Ukubekezelela kuvame + +-- 0.05 - +/- 0.10mm.
Bathi: Ezinye izinhlobo zingenziwa ngokuya ngesampula yekhasimende noma ukuphrinta okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
ring | I-Diameter yangaphandle | Ububanzi Inner | Ubukhulu |
Isikhulu | 100.00mm | 95.00m | 50.00mm |
Minimum | 3.80mm | 1.20mm | 0.50mm |
disc | ububanzi | Ubukhulu |
Isikhulu | 100.00mm | 50.00mm |
Minimum | 1.20mm | 0.50mm |
Block | ubude | ububanzi | Ubukhulu |
Isikhulu | 100.00mm | 95.00mm | 50.00mm |
Minimum | 3.80mm | 1.20mm | 0.50mm |
Ingxenye ye-Arc | Irediyasi engaphandle | Imisakazo yangaphakathi | Ubukhulu |
Isikhulu | 75mm | 65mm | 50mm |
Minimum | 1.9mm | 0.6mm | 0.5mm |
1. Amagagnethi anaphakade anamandla kazibuthe aqinile aheha insimbi kanye nezinye izindaba eziwazungezile. Ngaphansi kwesimo esijwayelekile, opharetha wencwadi kufanele aqaphele kakhulu ukugwema noma yimuphi umonakalo. Ngenxa yamandla kazibuthe anamandla, uzibuthe omkhulu osondele kubo uthatha ubungozi bomonakalo. Abantu bahlala becubungula la magnethi ngokwehlukana noma ngama-clamp. Kulokhu, kufanele sengeze amagilavu okuvikela asebenza.
2. Kulesi simo sezwe elinamandla kazibuthe, noma iyiphi ingxenye enengqondo ye-elekthronikhi nemitha yokuhlola ingashintshwa noma ilinyazwe. Sicela uqinisekise ukuthi ikhompiyutha, isibonisi kanye nemithombo yezindaba kazibuthe, ngokwesibonelo i-magnetic disc, i-tape yamakhasethi enethambo kanye nevidiyo yokurekhoda i-video njll, zikude kakhulu nezinto ezisebenza ngogesi, zisho kude kune-2m.
3. Ukushayisana kwethonya lamandla ahehayo phakathi kwamagnetic amabili anaphakade kuzoletha ukubabazeka okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, izindaba ezivuthayo noma eziqhumayo akufanele zibekwe eduze kwabo.
4. Lapho uzibuthe uvulelwa i-hydrogen, kuyenqatshelwa ukusebenzisa amazibuthe unomphela ngaphandle kokufaka isivikelo. Isizathu ukuthi i-sorption ye-hydrogen izokonakalisa amandla kazibuthe bese iholele ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zamandla kazibuthe. Ukuphela kwendlela yokuvikela uzibuthe ngokuphumelelayo ukufaka uzibuthe esimweni bese uyisayina.