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FRIINKCUKACHA ZEEMAGNETS
- Imvelaphi kunye neMbali
- uyilo
- Ukukhetha uMagnetti
- Treatment surface
- Imagnethi
- Uluhlu lobungakanani, ubungakanani kunye nokunyamezelana
- Imigaqo yokhuseleko yokusebenza kwemanyuwali
Iimagnethi ezingapheliyo ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi banamhlanje. Zifumaneka okanye zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa phantse zonke izinto eziluncedo zanamhlanje. Iimagnethi zokuqala ezisisigxina zaveliswa kumatye okwenzeka ngokwendalo abizwa ngokuba yindawo yokuhlala. La matye aqala ukufundwa ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-2500 eyadlulayo ngamaTshayina kwaye emva koko ngamaGrikhi, afumana ilitye kwiphondo laseMagnetes, ekuvela kulo igama elo. Ukusukela ngoko, iipropathi zezinto zemagnethi ziphuculwe kakhulu kwaye namhlanje izixhobo zemagnethi ezisisigxina zinamandla amakhulu amaxesha ukuphinda iimagnethi zakudala. Igama elithi umazibuthe osisigxina livela kwisakhono semagnethi ukubamba ukuhlawuliswa kwemagnethi emva kokuba isusiwe kwizixhobo ezenza umazibuthe. Ezi zixhobo zinokuba zezinye iimagnethi ezisisigxina ezinamandla, iimagnethi zombane okanye iikhoyili zocingo ezibizwa ngokufutshane ngombane. Ukukwazi kwabo ukubamba umtsalane wemagnethi kubenza babe luncedo ekubambeni izinto endaweni yazo, ukuguqula umbane ube sisisusa samandla kunye nokunye (iimoto kunye neejenereyitha), okanye kuchaphazela ezinye izinto eziziswe kubo.
Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwemagnethi ngumsebenzi wobunjineli bemagnethi obungcono. Kubathengi abafuna uncedo loyilo okanye uyilo lwesekethe oluntsonkothileyo, Ii-QM's Iqela leenjineli zesicelo esinamava kunye neenjineli zentengiso ezinolwazi ziyinkonzo yakho. QM iinjineli zisebenza nabathengi ukuphucula okanye ukuqinisekisa uyilo olukhoyo kunye nokuphuhlisa uyilo lwenoveli oluvelisa iziphumo ezizodwa zemagnethi. QM iphuhlise uyilo lomenzi welungelo elilodwa lomenzi elinikezela ngamandla amakhulu, afanayo okanye ngokukodwa imagnethi yomhlaba ehlala ithatha indawo ye-electro-magnet enamandla kwaye engasebenziyo kunye noyilo olusisigxina. Abathengi bayazithemba xa hey ezisa umxholo onzima okanye umbono omtsha wokuba QM uya kuhlangabezana naloo mceli mngeni ngokuzoba kwiminyaka eli-10 yobungcali bemagnethi eqinisekisiweyo. QM inabantu, iimveliso kunye netekhnoloji ebeka iimagnethi ekusebenzeni.
Ukukhethwa kweMagnet kuzo zonke izicelo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo isekethe yonke yemagnethi kunye nokusingqongileyo. Apho iAlnico kufanelekile, ubungakanani bemagnethi bunokuncitshiswa ukuba bunokwenza umazibuthe emva kwendibano kwisekethe yamagnetic. Ukuba isetyenziswe ngokuzimeleyo kwezinye izinto zesekethe, njengakwizicelo zokhuseleko, ubude obusebenzayo ukuya kububanzi be-diameter (ehambelana nomlinganiso we-permeance) kufuneka ube mkhulu ngokwaneleyo ukwenza ukuba umazibuthe usebenze ngaphezulu kwedolo kwikota yesibini yedemagnetization. Ukusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo, iimagnethi zeAlnico zinokulinganiswa kwixabiso lesalathiso seflux exeliweyo.
Imveliso eyenziwa kukunyanzelwa okuphantsi kukuziva uziva ngenxa yeempawu zedemagnethi ngenxa yemagnethi yangaphandle, ukothuka kunye nobushushu besicelo. Ukusetyenziswa okubalulekileyo, iimagnethi zeAlnico zinokuqiniswa ngamaqondo obushushu ukunciphisa ezi ziphumo Kukho iindidi ezine zemagnethi zentengiso yanamhlanje, nganye isekwe kulwakhiwo lwezixhobo. Ngaphakathi kwiklasi nganye kukho usapho lwamabakala aneempawu zawo zemagnethi. Ezi klasi ngokubanzi zezi:
I-NdFeB kunye neSmCo zaziwa ngokudibeneyo njengeemagnethi zoMhlaba ezinqabileyo kuba zombini zenziwe ngezinto ezivela kwiqela leRare Earth lezinto. I-Neodymium Iron Boron (ukwakheka ngokubanzi kwe-Nd2Fe14B, ehlala ishunqulelwa kwi-NdFeB) lolona longezo lwakutshanje lwentengiso kusapho lwezixhobo zemagnethi zangoku. Kumaqondo obushushu egumbi, iimagnethi zeNdFeB zibonisa ezona ziphezulu zazo zonke izinto zemagnethi. I-Samarium Cobalt yenziwa ngeziqendu ezibini: iSm1Co5 kunye neSm2Co17 - edla ngokubizwa ngokuba ziiSmCo 1: 5 okanye iSmCo 2:17 iindidi. Iindidi ze-2:17, ezinamaxabiso aphezulu e-Hci, zibonelela ngozinzo olukhulu kunolu lwe-1: 5 yeentlobo. I-Ceramic, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Ferrite, iimagnethi (ukwenziwa ngokubanzi kwe-BaFe2O3 okanye i-SrFe2O3) ziye zathengiselwa ukusukela nge-1950s kwaye ziyaqhubeka nokusetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi. Ifom ekhethekileyo yemagnethi yeCeramic yinto "eFlexible", eyenziwe ngokudibanisa umgubo weCeramic kwisibophelelo esiguqukayo. Iimagnethi zeAlnico (ukwenziwa ngokubanzi kweAl-Ni-Co) zazithengisiwe ngeminyaka yee-1930 kwaye zisasetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje.
Ezi zinto zithatha uluhlu lweepropathi ezifumana iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zesicelo. Oku kulandelayo kwenzelwe ukunika umbono obanzi kodwa osebenzayo wezinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ekukhetheni izinto ezifanelekileyo, inqanaba, imilo, kunye nobungakanani bemagnethi kwisicelo esithile. Ishati engezantsi ibonisa amaxabiso aqhelekileyo kwiimpawu eziphambili kumabakala akhethiweyo ezinto ezahlukeneyo zokuthelekisa. Ezi zithethe ziya kuxoxwa nzulu kula macandelo alandelayo.
Ukuthelekiswa kweMagnet Material
| imathiriyeli | kwiBanga | Br | Hc | Hci | BH ubuninzi | Ubukhulu beT (Deg c) * |
| NdFeB | 39H | 12,800 | 12,300 | 21,000 | 40 | 150 |
| I-smCo | 26 | 10,500 | 9,200 | 10,000 | 26 | 300 |
| NdFeB | B10N | 6,800 | 5,780 | 10,300 | 10 | 150 |
| Alnico | 5 | 12,500 | 640 | 640 | 5.5 | 540 |
| -omdongwe | 8 | 3,900 | 3,200 | 3,250 | 3.5 | 300 |
| thambile | 1 | 1,500 | 1,380 | 1,380 | 0.6 | 100 |
* T max (ubuninzi bobushushu obusebenzayo obusebenzayo) yireferensi kuphela. Obona bushushu busebenzayo bokusebenza kwayo nayiphi na imagnethi buxhomekeke kwisekethe esebenza kuyo umazibuthe.
Iimagnethi zingadinga ukutyabeka ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo esenzelwe sona. Iimagnethi zokugqoka ziphucula ukubonakala, ukuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion, ukukhuselwa kwimpahla kunye nokufaneleka kwezicelo kwiimeko ezicocekileyo zegumbi.
I-Samarium Cobalt, izinto zeAlnico ziyakwazi ukumelana nokubola, kwaye azidingi kugutyungelwa ukubola. I-Alnico yenziwe ngokulula ngeempawu zokuthambisa.
Iimagnethi zeNdFeB zichaphazelekayo ngokukhethekileyo kwaye zihlala zikhuselwe ngale ndlela. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zokwaleka okulungele iimagnethi ezisisigxina, Ayizizo zonke iintlobo zokwaleka eziya kulungela yonke imathiriyeli okanye ijiyometri yemagnethi, kwaye ukhetho lokugqibela luya kuxhomekeka kwisicelo nakwindawo esingqongileyo. Olunye ukhetho kukugcina umazibuthe kwisisele sangaphandle ukunqanda ukubola kunye nomonakalo.
Iingubo ezikhoyo | ||||
Ubume beSu | umaleko | Ubukhulu (IiMicron) | umbala | ukuxhathisa |
Ukunyuswa | 1 | Isilivere Grey | Ukukhuselwa okwethutyana | |
nickel | Ni + Ni | 10-20 | Isilivere eqaqambileyo | Ukugqwesa ngokuchasene nokuFuma |
Ni + Cu + Ni | ||||
Izinki | Zn | 8-20 | Bright Blue | Okulungileyo ngokuchasene neTyuwa yokutshiza |
IC-Zn | Umbala weShinny | Ukugqwesa ngokuchasene neTyuwa yokutshiza | ||
Tin | Ni + Cu + Sn | 15-20 | isilivere | Ephakamileyo ngokuchasene nokuFuma |
igolide | Ni + Cu + Au | 10-20 | igolide | Ephakamileyo ngokuchasene nokuFuma |
ubhedu | Ni + Cu | 10-20 | igolide | Ukukhuselwa okwethutyana |
I-Epoxy | I-Epoxy | 15-25 | Mnyama, Bomvu, Ngwevu | Ukugqwesa ngokuchasene nokuFuma |
Ni + Cu + Epoxy | ||||
Zn + Epoxy | ||||
umchiza | Ni | 10-20 | Isilivere Grey | Ukugqwesa ngokuchasene nokuFuma |
UParylene | UParylene | 5-20 | Ngwevu | Egqwesileyo ngokuchasene nokuFuma, ityuwa yokutshiza. Ukuphakama ngokuchasene neeSolvents, iiGesi, iiFungi kunye neBacteria. |
Umazibuthe osisigxina obonelelwe phantsi kweemeko ezimbini, uzibuthe okanye akukho magnethi, uhlala ungaphawulwanga. Ukuba umsebenzisi ufuna, sinokumakisha ukwanda kweendlela ngeendlela ekuvunyelwene ngazo. Xa uhambisa iodolo, umsebenzisi kufuneka azise imeko yokubonelela kwaye ukuba uphawu lokuqaqamba luyimfuneko.
Intsimi yemagnethi yemagnethi esisigxina inxulumene nohlobo olusisigxina lwezixhobo kunye namandla alo anyanzelekileyo. Ukuba umazibuthe ufuna umazibuthe kunye nedemagneti, nceda unxibelelane nathi kwaye ucele inkxaso yobuchule.
Zimbini iindlela zokwenza umazibuthe umazibuthe: intsimi yeDC kunye nokubetha kwentsimi yemagneti.
Zintathu iindlela zokwenza umazibuthe ubuthe: idemagnetization ngobushushu yinkqubo ekhethekileyo yenkqubo. idemagnetization kwicandelo le-AC. Idemagnetization kwicandelo leDC. Oku kucela intsimi enamandla kakhulu yemagnethi kunye nesakhono esiphezulu sedemagnetization.
Imilo yejiyometri kunye nemagnethi yokuhambisa umazibuthe osisigxina: ngokomgaqo, sivelisa umazibuthe osisigxina ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, ibandakanya ibhloko, idiski, isangqa, isahlulo njl.Umzekeliso ocacileyo wesalathiso semagnethi ungezantsi:
Imikhombandlela yeMagnetization | ||
ejolise kubukhulu |
zihambelana nee-axial |
zihambelana ngokuthe ngqo kumacandelo |
|
|
Multipole ejolise kumacandelo kubuso obunye |
ejolise kwiirisithi * |
ijolise kububanzi * |
I-Multipole ejolise kumacandelo kububanzi obungaphakathi * Zonke ziyafumaneka njenge-isotropic okanye i-anisotropic material * ifumaneka kuphela kwi-isotropic kunye nezinto ezithile ze-anisotropic kuphela |
ejolise kubuhlanga |
ejolise kwidayimitha | |
Ngaphandle kobukhulu kwicala le-magnetization, ubungakanani obukhulu bemagnethi esisigxina abugqithi kwi-50mm, ethintelwe yintsimi yokuqhelaniswa nezixhobo zokuntywila. Ubukhulu kwicala lokwenza ungasasebenzi kwi-magnet ukuya kwi-100mm.
Unyamezelo luhlala +/- 0.05 - +/- 0.10mm.
Bathi: Ezinye iimilo zinokwenziwa ngokutsho isampuli yoMthengi okanye yoshicilelo oluhlaza
| umsesane | I diameter yangaphandle | I diameter yangaphakathi | ubungqingqwa |
| Ubuninzi | 100.00mm | 95.00m | 50.00mm |
| ubuncinane | 3.80mm | 1.20mm | 0.50mm |
| I-Disc | sangqa | ubungqingqwa |
| Ubuninzi | 100.00mm | 50.00mm |
| ubuncinane | 1.20mm | 0.50mm |
| Vimba | ubude | ububanzi | ubungqingqwa |
| Ubuninzi | 100.00mm | 95.00mm | 50.00mm |
| ubuncinane | 3.80mm | 1.20mm | 0.50mm |
| Icandelo leArc | Radius engaphandle | I-Radius yangaphakathi | ubungqingqwa |
| Ubuninzi | 75mm | 65mm | 50mm |
| ubuncinane | 1.9mm | 0.6mm | 0.5mm |
1. Imagnethi enomazibuthe esisigxina enomazibuthe omeleleyo utsala intsimbi kunye nezinye izinto ezibazungezileyo. Phantsi kwemeko efanayo, umqhubi wesikhokelo kufuneka alumke kakhulu ukunqanda nawuphi na umonakalo. Ngenxa yamandla amakhulu omazibuthe, umazibuthe omkhulu okufuphi kubo uthatha umngcipheko womonakalo. Abantu bahlala bezicoca oomazibuthe ngokwahlukeneyo okanye ngamasango. Kule meko, kufuneka sigcine iiglavu zokukhusela zisebenza.
2. Kule meko yemagnethi eqinileyo, nayiphi na into enokubonakalayo ye-elektroniki kunye nemitha yovavanyo inokutshintshwa okanye yonakaliswe. Nceda ujonge ukuba ikhompyuter, isibonisi kunye nemithombo yeendaba zemagnethi, umzekelo i-magnetic disc, i-magnetic cassette tape kunye nevidiyo yokurekhoda njl njl, zikude kwizinto ezinemagnethi, yithi ukude kune-2m.
3. Ukungqubana kwemikhosi yokutsala phakathi kweemagnethi ezimbini ezisisigxina kuya kuzisa iintlantsi ezinkulu. Ke ngoko, izinto ezinokutsha okanye ezinokudubula azifanele zibekwe ecaleni kwazo.
4. Xa umazibuthe ubhencekile kwi-hydrogen, akuvumelekanga ukusebenzisa iimagnethi ezisisigxina ngaphandle kokhuseleko. Isizathu kukuba ubuqhetseba be-hydrogen buza kutshabalalisa ubume bemagnethi kwaye bukhokelele kulwakhiwo lweepropathi zemagnethi. Ekuphela kwendlela yokukhusela umazibuthe ngokufanelekileyo kukufaka umazibuthe kwimeko kwaye uyitywine.
