zonke iindidi

IINKCUKACHA ZEMAZIBENI

  • Imvelaphi kunye neMbali
  • uyilo
  • Imveliso yokugeleza
  • Ukukhetha uMagnetti
  • Unyango lomphezulu
  • Imagnethi
  • Uluhlu lobungakanani, ubungakanani kunye nokunyamezelana
  • Imigaqo yokhuseleko yokusebenza kwemanyuwali

Imvelaphi kunye neMbali

Iimagnethi ezisisigxina ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi banamhlanje. Zifumaneka okanye zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa phantse zonke izinto eziluncedo zale mihla. Iimagnethi zokuqala ezisisigxina zaveliswa kumatye endalo abizwa ngokuba ziilodestones. La matye aqala ukufundwa kwiminyaka eyi-2500 eyadlulayo ngamaTshayina kwaye emva koko ngamaGrike, awafumana ilitye kwiphondo laseMagnetes, apho izinto zafumana igama. Ukusukela ngoko, iipropathi zemathiriyeli kazibuthe ziye zaphuculwa kakhulu kwaye imathiriyeli yanamhlanje yemagnethi esisigxina yomelele kaninzi kunemagnethi yamandulo. Igama elithi umazibuthe osisigxina livela kwisakhono semagnethi sokubamba intlawulo yamagnetic eyenziwe emva kokuba isusiwe kwisixhobo semagnethi. Ezo zixhobo zisenokuba zezinye iimagnethi ezisisigxina ezinemagnethi, iimagnethi zombane okanye iintambo zocingo ezitshajwe ngokufutshane ngombane. Ukukwazi kwabo ukubamba intlawulo yamagnetic kubenza babe luncedo ekubambeni izinto endaweni, ukuguqula umbane kumandla ashukumisayo kwaye ngokuphambeneyo (iinjini kunye neejenereyitha), okanye ukuchaphazela ezinye izinto ezisondezwe kuzo.


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uyilo

Ukusebenza kwemagnethi ephezulu ngumsebenzi wobunjineli obungcono bobunjineli. Kubathengi abafuna uncedo loyilo okanye uyilo oluntsonkothileyo lwesekethe, Ii-QM's Iqela leenjineli zezicelo ezinamava kunye neenjineli zokuthengisa ezinolwazi kwinkonzo yakho. QM Iinjineli zisebenza nabathengi ukuphucula okanye ukungqinisisa uyilo olukhoyo kunye nokuphuhlisa uyilo lwenoveli oluvelisa iziphumo ezizodwa zemagnethi. QM iphuhlise uyilo olunelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wemagnethi olunikezela ngamandla kakhulu, alinganayo okanye amise ngendlela ekhethekileyo imagnethi ehlala ithatha indawo yoyilo lwemagnethi olukhulu nolungasebenziyo kunye noyilo lwemagnethi olusisigxina. Abathengi bazithembile xa Hey ukuzisa ingqiqo entsonkothileyo okanye ingcamango entsha ukuba QM iya kuhlangabezana naloo mceli mngeni ngokuthatha iminyaka eli-10 yobuchwephesha obuqinisekisiweyo bemagnethi. QM unabantu, iimveliso kunye nobuchwepheshe obufaka iimagnethi ukuba zisebenze.


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Imveliso yokugeleza

I-QM ITHWATHI YOKUQHUBEKA YOMVELISO


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Ukukhetha uMagnetti

Ukukhethwa kwemagnethi kuzo zonke izicelo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo yonke isiphaluka samagnetic kunye nokusingqongileyo. Apho iAlnico ifanelekile, ubungakanani bemagnethi bunokucuthwa ukuba bunokuba ngumagnethi emva kokuhlanganisana kwisekethe yemagnethi. Ukuba isetyenziswe ngokuzimeleyo kwamanye amacandelo esekethe, njengakwizicelo zokhuseleko, ubude obusebenzayo ukuya kumlinganiselo wedayamitha (enxulumene ne-permeance coefficient) kufuneka ibe nkulu ngokwaneleyo ukwenza ukuba umazibuthe asebenze ngaphezulu kwedolo kwijiko lesibini le-quadrant demagnetization. Kusetyenziso olubalulekileyo, iimagnethi ze-Alnico zinokulinganiswa ngokwexabiso elimiselweyo loxinaniso lwereferensi.

Imveliso ephumayo yokunyanzeliswa okuphantsi bubuntununtunu kwiziphumo ze-demagnetizing ngenxa yemimandla yangaphandle yemagnethi, ukothuka, kunye nobushushu bokusebenza. Kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo, iimagnethi ze-Alnico zinokuzinziswa ubushushu ukuze kuncitshiswe ezi ziphumo Zine iindidi zeemagnethi zorhwebo zale mihla, nganye isekwe kubume bemathiriyeli. Ngaphakathi kweklasi nganye kukho usapho lwamabanga aneempawu zawo zemagneti. Ezi klasi ziqhelekileyo zezi:

  • Neodymium Iron Boron
  • Samarium Cobalt
  • -omdongwe
  • Alnico

I-NdFeB kunye ne-SmCo zidibene zibizwa ngokuba ziimagnethi zeRare Earth kuba zombini zenziwe ngezinto eziphuma kwiqela le-Rare Earth yezinto. I-Neodymium Iron Boron (isakhiwo ngokubanzi i-Nd2Fe14B, ehlala ishunqulelwa kwi-NdFeB) lolona luhlu lwamva nje lwentengiso kusapho lwemathiriyeli yale mihla yamagnethi. Kubushushu begumbi, iimagnethi zeNdFeB zibonisa ezona mpawu ziphezulu zazo zonke izixhobo zemagnethi. I-Samarium Cobalt yenziwe ngeendlela ezimbini: i-Sm1Co5 kunye ne-Sm2Co17 - edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-SmCo 1: 5 okanye iintlobo ze-SmCo 2:17. Iindidi ze-2:17, ezinamaxabiso aphezulu e-Hci, zinika uzinzo olukhulu lwendalo kuneentlobo ze-1:5. I-Ceramic, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiFerrite, iimagnethi (ukwakheka ngokubanzi i-BaFe2O3 okanye i-SrFe2O3) ziye zathengiswa ukususela ngo-1950 kwaye ziyaqhubeka zisetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje ngenxa yeendleko zabo eziphantsi. Ifom ekhethekileyo yeMazibuthe yeCeramic yi "Flexible" imathiriyeli, eyenziwe ngokudibanisa umgubo weCeramic kwi-binder eguquguqukayo. Imagnethi yeAlnico (isakhiwo esiqhelekileyo i-Al-Ni-Co) yathengiswa ngeminyaka yoo-1930 kwaye isasetyenziswa kakhulu namhlanje.

Ezi zixhobo zithatha uluhlu lweepropathi ezivumela iintlobo ezininzi zeemfuno zesicelo. Oku kulandelayo kujongwe ukunika isishwankathelo esibanzi kodwa esisebenzayo semiba ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ekukhetheni imathiriyeli eyiyo, ibakala, imilo, kunye nobukhulu bemagnethi kwisicelo esithile. Itshathi engezantsi ibonisa amaxabiso aqhelekileyo eempawu eziphambili kumabakala akhethiweyo ezinto ezahlukeneyo zokuthelekisa. Ezi xabiso ziya kuxoxwa ngokubanzi kula macandelo alandelayo.

IMagnet Material Uthelekiso

imathiriyeli
kwiBanga
Br
Hc
Hci
BH ubukhulu
T max(Deg c)*
NdFeB
39H
12,800
12,300
21,000
40
150
I-smCo
26
10,500
9,200
10,000
26
300
NdFeB
B10N
6,800
5,780
10,300
10
150
Alnico
5
12,500
640
640
5.5
540
-omdongwe
8
3,900
3,200
3,250
3.5
300
thambile
1
1,500
1,380
1,380
0.6
100

* T max (ubona bushushu bokusebenza obusebenzayo) bububungqina kuphela. Ubushushu obuphezulu obusebenzayo bayo nayiphi na umazibuthe buxhomekeke kwisekethe umazibuthe asebenza kuyo.


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Unyango lomphezulu

Iimagnethi zinokufuna ukugqunywa ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo esenzelwa sona. Iimagnethi zokugquma ziphucula inkangeleko, ukuxhathisa umhlwa, ukukhuselwa ekunxibeni kwaye zinokulungela usetyenziso kwiimeko ezicocekileyo zegumbi.
I-Samarium Cobalt, izinto ze-Alnico ziyakwazi ukumelana ne-corrosion, kwaye azifuni ukuba zifakwe kwi-corrosion. I-Alnico ifakwe ngokulula kwiimpawu zokuthambisa.
Iimagnethi ze-NdFeB zichaphazeleka ngakumbi kukuhlwa kwaye zihlala zikhuselwe ngale ndlela. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeengubo ezifanelekileyo kwiimagnethi ezisisigxina, Ayizizo zonke iintlobo zokugquma eziya kulungela yonke into okanye ijometri yemagnethi, kwaye ukhetho lokugqibela luya kuxhomekeka kwisicelo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Inketho eyongezelelweyo kukugcina imagnethi kwindawo yangaphandle ukukhusela ukubola kunye nomonakalo.

IiCoatings ezifumanekayo

Su rface

umaleko

Ukutyeba (iMicrons)

umbala

ukuxhathisa

Ukunyuswa


1

Isilivere Grey

Ukhuseleko lwexeshana

nickel

Ni+Ni

10-20

Isilivere eqaqambileyo

Igqwesileyo ngokuchasene nokufuma

Ni+Cu+Ni

Izinki

Zn

8-20

Bright Blue

Okulungileyo ngokuchasene nokutshizwa kweTyuwa

C-Zn

Umbala Ocwebezelayo

Okugqwesileyo ngokuchasene nesitshizi seTyuwa

Tin

Ni+Cu+Sn

15-20

isilivere

UPhakamileyo ngokuchasene nokufuma

igolide

Ni+Cu+Au

10-20

igolide

UPhakamileyo ngokuchasene nokufuma

ubhedu

Ni + Cu

10-20

igolide

Ukhuseleko lwexeshana

I-Epoxy

I-Epoxy

15-25

Mnyama, Obomvu, Grey

Okugqwesileyo ngokuchasene nokufuma
Ukutshiza ityuwa

Ni+Cu+Epoxy

Zn+Epoxy

umchiza

Ni

10-20

Isilivere Grey

Okugqwesileyo ngokuchasene nokufuma

UParylene

UParylene

5-20

Ngwevu

Okugqwesileyo ngokuchasene nokufuma, isitshizi seTyuwa. Ugqwesileyo ngokuchasene nezinyibilikisi, iigesi, iiNkungu kunye neeBakteria.
 Ivunyiwe yi-FDA.


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Imagnethi

Umazibuthe osisigxina obonelelwe phantsi kweemeko ezimbini, Imagnethi okanye akukho zibuthe, idla ngokungaphawulwa ukuba iphakathi kwayo. Ukuba umsebenzisi ufuna, sinokumakisha i-polarity ngeendlela ekuvunyelwene ngazo. Xa uhambisa i-odolo, umsebenzisi kufuneka axelele imeko yokubonelela kwaye ukuba uphawu lwe-polarity luyimfuneko.

Intsimi yemagnethi yemagnethi esisigxina inxulumene nodidi lwemagnethi esisigxina kunye namandla ayo angaphakathi okunyanzeliswa. Ukuba umazibuthe ufuna imagneti kunye ne-demagnetization, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi kwaye ucele inkxaso yobuchule.

Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokusebenzisa umazibuthe: intsimi ye-DC kunye ne-pulse magnetic field.

Zintathu iindlela zokususa uzibuthe kwimagnethi: ukukhutshwa bubushushu bubuchule benkqubo ekhethekileyo. demagnetization kwintsimi ye-AC. I-Demagnetization kwintsimi ye-DC. Oku kufuna indawo eyomeleleyo yemagnethi kunye nobuchule obuphezulu bokukhupha uzibuthe.

Ubume bejometri kunye ne-magnetization ye-magnetization ye-magnetization esisigxina: ngokomgaqo, sivelisa umazibuthe osisigxina kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo. Ngesiqhelo, ibandakanya ibhloko, idiski, umsesane, icandelo njl.njl. Umzobo oneenkcukacha zendlela yemagneti ungezantsi:

Izalathiso zeMagnetization
(Imizobo ebonisa iNdlela eQhelekileyo yokwenza iManetization)

ijolise kubunzima

i-axially oriented

i-axially oriented kumacandelo

i-oriented laterally multipole kubuso obunye

iipoli ezininzi ezijoliswe kumacandelo kwidayamitha yangaphandle*

i-multipole ejoliswe kumacandelo ebusweni obunye

ijolise kakhulu *

ijolise kwidayamitha *

iipoli ezininzi ezijoliswe kumacandelo ngaphakathi kwidayamitha*

zonke zifumaneka njenge-isotropic okanye i-anisotropic imathiriyeli

*ifumaneka kuphela kwi-isotropic kunye nemathiriyeli ethile ye-anisotropic kuphela


ijolise kwiradially

i-diametrical oriented


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Uluhlu lobungakanani, ubungakanani kunye nokunyamezelana

Ngaphandle komyinge kwicala lemagneti, ubukhulu bobukhulu bemagnethi esisigxina abugqithisi kwi-50mm, ethintelwa yintsimi yokuqhelanisa kunye nezixhobo zokucoca. Ubungakanani kwicala le-unmagnetization ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100mm.

Ukunyamezela kuqhelekile +/-0.05 -- +/-0.10mm.

Phawula: Ezinye iimilo zinokwenziwa ngokwesampulu yomthengi okanye ushicilelo oluhlaza

umsesane
I diameter yangaphandle
I diameter yangaphakathi
ubungqingqwa
Ubuninzi
100.00mm
95.00m
50.00mm
ubuncinane
3.80mm
1.20mm
0.50mm
I-Disc
sangqa
ubungqingqwa
Ubuninzi
100.00mm
50.00mm
ubuncinane
1.20mm
0.50mm
Vimba
ubude
ububanzi
ubungqingqwa
Ubuninzi100.00mm
95.00mm
50.00mm
ubuncinane3.80mm
1.20mm
0.50mm
Arc-icandelo
Irediyasi yangaphandle
Irediyasi yangaphakathi
ubungqingqwa
Ubuninzi75mm
65mm
50mm
ubuncinane1.9mm
0.6mm
0.5mm



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Imigaqo yokhuseleko yokusebenza kwemanyuwali

1. Iimagnethi ezisisigxina ezinemagnethi ezomeleleyo zitsala intsimbi kunye nezinye izinto ezizingqongileyo kakhulu. Ngaphantsi kwemeko eqhelekileyo, umqhubi wencwadana kufuneka aqaphele kakhulu ukuphepha nayiphi na umonakalo. Ngenxa yamandla ombane anamandla, umazibuthe omkhulu okufutshane kubo uthatha umngcipheko womonakalo. Abantu bahlala besebenza ezi magnethi ngokwahlukeneyo okanye ngeeclamp. Kule meko, kufuneka sihlambe iiglavu zokukhusela zisebenza.

2. Kule meko yemagnethi eyomeleleyo, naliphi na icandelo le-elektroniki elinengqondo kunye nemitha yovavanyo inokutshintshwa okanye yonakaliswe. Nceda ubone ukuba ikhompyuter, umboniso kunye nemidiya yemagnethi, umzekelo idiski yemagnethi, ikhasethi yemagnethi kunye neteyiphu yokurekhoda ividiyo njl.

3. Ukungqubana kwamandla okutsala umdla phakathi kwemagnethi ezimbini ezisisigxina kuya kuzisa ukuqaqamba okukhulu. Ngoko ke, izinto ezinokutsha okanye eziqhumayo akufanele zibekwe ngeenxa zonke kuzo.

4. Xa umazibuthe evezwe kwi-hydrogen, akuvumelekanga ukusebenzisa iimagnethi ezisisigxina ngaphandle kokhuselo lokhuseleko. Isizathu kukuba i-sorption ye-hydrogen iya kutshabalalisa i-microstructure yamagnetic kwaye iholele ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zamagnetic. Ekuphela kwendlela yokukhusela umazibuthe ngokufanelekileyo kukuvalela umazibuthe kwimeko kwaye uyitywine.


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