MACLUUMAADKA MAGNETS
- Taariikhda iyo Taariikhda
- Design
- Xulashada Magnet
- Daaweynta dusha sare
- Magnetization
- Baaxadda cabbirka, Cabbirka iyo dulqaadka
- Mabda'a badbaadada ee hawlgalka gacanta
Magnets joogto ah waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah nolosha casriga ah. Waxaa laga helaa ama loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro ku dhawaad casri kasta oo ku habboon maanta. Magnet-kii ugu horreeyay ee joogtada ah waxaa laga soo saaray dhagxaan dabiici ah oo loo yaqaan lodestones. Dhagxaantan waxa markii ugu horaysay daraasad ku sameeyay 2500 oo sano ka hor Shiinuhu,kadibna waxa sameeyay Giriiga,kuwaas oo dhagaxa ka helay gobolka Magnetes,kaas oo maaddadu magaceeda ka heshay. Tan iyo markaas, sifooyinka alaabta magnetic ayaa si qoto dheer loo hagaajiyay maantana qalabka magnetka joogtada ah ayaa boqollaal jeer ka xoog badan birlabyada qadiimiga ah. Erayga magnetka joogtada ahi waxa uu ka yimaadaa awooda magnetka si uu u qabto lacag birlabeed ah ka dib marka laga saaro qalabka magnetization-ka. Qalabka noocan oo kale ah ayaa laga yaabaa inay yihiin birlabyo joogto ah oo xoog leh, electro-magnets ama gariiradaha silig oo muddo kooban lagu dallacay koronto. Awoodda ay u leeyihiin in ay xajiyaan lacagta birlabka ahi waxa ay ka dhigtaa kuwo faa'iido u leh in ay walxaha ku hayaan, u beddelaan korantada awoodda dhiirigelinta iyo lidka ku ah (matoorada iyo koronto-dhaliyeyaasha), ama saameeya walxaha kale ee la keeno iyaga.
Waxqabadka birlabeedka sare waa shaqada injineernimada magnetic ka wanaagsan. Macaamiisha u baahan caawimada naqshadaynta ama naqshadaynta wareegyada adag, QM kooxda injineerada codsiyada khibrada leh iyo injineerada iibka goobta aqoonta ayaa ku jira adeegaaga. QM Injineerada waxay la shaqeeyaan macaamiisha si ay u horumariyaan ama u ansixiyaan naqshadaha jira iyo sidoo kale horumarinta naqshadaha cusub ee soo saara saamaynta magnetka gaarka ah. QM waxa uu sameeyay nashqado birlabaysan oo soo saara goobo birlabeed aad u xoog badan, labis ah ama si gaar ah u qaabaysan kuwaas oo baddelaya nashqadaha magnetka ah ee baaxada leh iyo kuwa aan shaqaynayn. Macaamiishu way ku kalsoon yihiin marka ay la yimaadaan fikrad adag ama fikrad cusub taas QM waxay la kulmi doontaa caqabadaas iyadoo laga soo qaatay 10 sano oo khibrad magnet ah oo la xaqiijiyay. QM wuxuu leeyahay dadka, alaabada iyo tignoolajiyada ka dhigaya magnets inay shaqeeyaan.
Doorashada Magnet ee dhammaan codsiyada waa in ay tixgeliyaan dhammaan wareegga magnetic iyo deegaanka. Meesha Alnico ku habboon tahay, cabbirka magnet waa la yareeyn karaa haddii ay noqon karto magnetizing ka dib marka la isku daro wareegga magnetic. Haddii loo isticmaalo si ka madax bannaan qaybaha kale ee wareegga, sida codsiyada amniga, dhererka wax ku oolka ah ee saamiga dhexroorka (oo la xidhiidha isugeynta permeance) waa inuu ahaadaa mid weyn oo ku filan si uu u keeno birlabku inuu ka shaqeeyo jilibka ka sarreeya qalooca labaad ee demagnetization. Codsiyada muhiimka ah, magnets Alnico waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu jaangooyo qiimaha cufnaanta tixraaca ee la aasaasay.
Wax soo saarka jujuubka hoose waa u nugulaanta saamaynta demagnetization taasoo ay ugu wacan tahay meelaha birlabeedka dibadda ah, shoogga, iyo heerkulka codsiga. Codsiyada muhiimka ah, magnets-ka Alnico waa la dejin karaa heerkulbeegyada si loo yareeyo saameyntan Waxaa jira afar qaybood oo ah magnets ganacsi oo casri ah, mid kasta oo ku salaysan qalabkooda. Fasal kasta waxaa ku jira qoys darajooyin leh oo leh sifooyin birlab ah oo u gaar ah. Fasaladan guud waa:
NdFeB iyo SmCo waxa si wada jir ah loogu yaqaan Magnets-ka Dhulka Rare sababtoo ah labadooduba waxay ka kooban yihiin walxo kooxda Rare Earth ee curiyeyaasha ah. Neodymium Iron Boron (halabuurka guud ee Nd2Fe14B, oo inta badan loo soo gaabiyo NdFeB) waa ganacsigii ugu dambeeyay ee lagu daro qoyska qalabka magnetka casriga ah. Heerkulka qolka, magnets NdFeB waxay soo bandhigaan sifooyinka ugu sarreeya ee dhammaan qalabka magnetka. Samarium Cobalt waxa lagu soo saaray laba qaybood oo kala ah: Sm1Co5 iyo Sm2Co17 - oo inta badan loo yaqaan SmCo 1:5 ama SmCo 2:17. 2:17 noocyada, oo leh qiyamka sare ee Hci, waxay bixiyaan xasilooni ka weyn nooca 1:5. Ceramic, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Ferrite, magnets (ka kooban guud ee BaFe2O3 ama SrFe2O3) ayaa la baayacmushtarray ilaa 1950-meeyadii oo wali si weyn loo isticmaalo maanta qiimaha jaban awgeed. Nooc gaar ah oo magnet Ceramic ah waa walxo "Dabcan", oo lagu sameeyay isku-xidhka budada dhoobada ee xiraha dabacsan. Magnets-ka Alnico (ka kooban Al-Ni-Co) waxa la baayacmushtarray 1930-naadkii ilaa maantana si weyn ayaa loo isticmaalaa.
Agabkani waxa ay ka kooban yihiin hantiyo kala duwan oo buuxinaya shuruudo badan oo kala duwan. Kuwa soo socda ayaa loogu talagalay inay bixiyaan dulmar ballaadhan laakiin la taaban karo oo ku saabsan qodobbada ay tahay in la tixgeliyo marka la dooranayo walxaha habboon, darajada, qaabka, iyo cabbirka magnetka ee codsi gaar ah. Shaxda hoose waxay tuseysaa qiyamka caadiga ah ee sifooyinka muhiimka ah ee darajooyinka la doortay ee alaabta kala duwan marka la barbardhigo. Qiimahan ayaa si faahfaahsan looga hadli doonaa qaybaha soo socda.
Isbarbardhigga Qalabka Magnet
Waxyaabaha |
Fasalka |
Br |
Hc |
HCI |
BH max |
T max(Deg c)* |
NdFeB |
39H |
12,800 |
12,300 |
21,000 |
40 |
150 |
SmCo |
26 |
10,500 |
9,200 |
10,000 |
26 |
300 |
NdFeB |
B10N |
6,800 |
5,780 |
10,300 |
10 |
150 |
Alnico |
5 |
12,500 |
640 |
640 |
5.5 |
540 |
dhoobada |
8 |
3,900 |
3,200 |
3,250 |
3.5 |
300 |
debecsan |
1 |
1,500 |
1,380 |
1,380 |
0.6 |
100 |
* T max (heerkulka hawlqabadka ugu badnaan) waa tixraac kaliya. Heerkulka hawlqabadka ugu badnaan ee magnet kasta wuxuu ku xiran yahay wareegga magnetku ku shaqeynayo.
Magnets ayaa laga yaabaa inay u baahdaan in la dahaadho iyadoo ku xiran codsiga loogu talagalay. Mareegaha dahaarka waxay hagaajiyaan muuqaalka, iska caabinta daxalka, ka ilaalinta xirashada waxayna ku habboonaan kartaa codsiyada xaaladaha qolka nadiifka ah.
Samarium Cobalt, Walxaha Alnico waa kuwo u adkaysta daxalka, uma baahna in lagu dahaadho daxalka. Alnico si fudud ayaa loogu dhejiyay tayada qurxinta.
Magnets NdFeB waxay si gaar ah ugu nugul yihiin daxalka waxaana badanaa lagu ilaaliyaa habkan. Waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo dahaar ah oo ku habboon magnets joogto ah, Dhammaan noocyada daboolka ah kuma habboona wax kasta ama joomatari magnetka, iyo doorashada ugu dambeysa waxay ku xirnaan doontaa codsiga iyo deegaanka. Ikhtiyaarka dheeraadka ah waa in magnetka lagu dhejiyo dabool dibadda ah si looga hortago daxalka iyo waxyeellada.
Dahaarka la heli karo | ||||
Su rface |
daahan |
Dhumucda (Microns) |
Color |
Resistance |
Hordhac |
1 |
Grey Dahab ah |
Ilaalinta ku meel gaadhka ah |
|
nikkel |
Ni+Ni |
10-20 |
Lacag dhalaalaysa |
Aad u fiican oo ka soo horjeeda qoyaanka |
Ni+Cu+Ni | ||||
Zinc |
Zn |
8-20 |
Blue Bright |
Wanagsan Ka-hortagga Buufinta milixda |
C-Zn |
Midabka dhalaalaya |
Si Wanaagsan Ka-hortagga Buufinta milixda |
||
Tin |
Ni+Cu+Sn |
15-20 |
Silver |
Sare ee ka soo horjeeda qoyaanka |
Gold |
Ni+Cu+Au |
10-20 |
Gold |
Sare ee ka soo horjeeda qoyaanka |
copper |
Ni+Cu |
10-20 |
Gold |
Ilaalinta ku meel gaadhka ah |
Epoxy |
Epoxy |
15-25 |
Madow, Casaan, Cawlan |
Aad u fiican oo ka soo horjeeda qoyaanka |
Ni+Cu+Epoxy | ||||
Zn+Epoxy | ||||
Chemical |
Ni |
10-20 |
Grey Dahab ah |
Aad u fiican oo ka soo horjeeda qoyaanka |
Parylene |
Parylene |
5-20 |
Grey |
Aad u fiican oo ka soo horjeeda qoyaanka, buufinta milixda. Sare Ka-hortagga Xalalka, Gaasaska, Fungi iyo Bakteeriyada. |
Magnetized joogtada ah ee lagu bixiyo laba shuruudood, Magnetized ama aan lahayn magnetized, badanaa laguma calaamadiyo polarity. Haddii isticmaaluhu u baahdo, waxaan ku calaamadin karnaa polarity-ka siyaabaha lagu heshiiyey. Marka la dardargelinayo amarka, isticmaaluhu waa inuu ku wargeliyaa xaaladda saadka iyo haddii calaamadda polarity ay lagama maarmaan tahay.
Meesha magnetization ee birlabeedka joogtada ahi waxay la xiriirtaa nooca maadada magnetic joogto ah iyo xooggeeda qasabka ah ee gudaha. Haddii magnet-ku u baahan yahay magnetization iyo demagnetization, fadlan nala soo xiriir oo codso taageero farsamo.
Waxaa jira laba hab oo lagu magnetizes magnet: garoonka DC iyo garaaca magnetic field.
Waxaa jira saddex hab oo lagu dhimo magnetka: Demagnetization by kulaylku waa farsamo habraac gaar ah. demagnetization ee goobta AC. Demagnetization ee goobta DC. Tani waxay ku weydiinaysaa goob birlabeed aad u xoog badan iyo xirfad demagnetization sare.
Qaabka joomatari iyo jihada magnetization ee magnet joogto ah: mabda 'ahaan, waxaan soo saareynaa magnet joogto ah qaabab kala duwan. Caadi ahaan, waxa ku jira block, disc, giraan, qayb iwm. Sharaxaada faahfaahsan ee jihada magnetization waa hoos:
Tilmaamaha Magnetization | ||
u janjeera dhanka dhumucda |
axially oriented |
axially oriented ee qaybaha |
|
|
tiilaha badan oo ku jihaysan qaybo ka mid ah hal waji |
shucaac ku jihaysan * |
dhexroor ku jihaysan * |
tiilaha badan oo ku jihaysan qaybaha dhexroorka* Dhammaan waxaa loo heli karaa sida walxaha isotropic ama anisotropic * kaliya ayaa lagu heli karaa isotropic iyo walxaha anisotropic qaarkood oo kaliya |
shucaac ku jihaysan |
jihada siman |
Marka laga reebo cabbirka jihada magnetization-ka, cabbirka ugu badan ee magnet-ka joogtada ahi kama badna 50mm, kaas oo ay xaddidan tahay goobta jihaynta iyo qalabaynta. Cabbirka jihada unmagnetization waa ilaa 100mm.
Dulqaadku badanaa waa +/- 0.05 -- +/- 0.10mm.
Fiiro gaar ah: Qaababka kale waxaa lagu soo saari karaa iyadoo loo eegayo muunadda macmiilka ama daabacaadda buluugga ah
giraanta |
Qodobada Dharka ah |
Ballaca Inner |
dhumucdiisuna |
ugu badnaan |
100.00mm |
95.00m |
50.00mm |
Ugu Yar |
3.80mm |
1.20mm |
0.50mm |
Disc |
Ballaca |
dhumucdiisuna |
ugu badnaan |
100.00mm |
50.00mm |
Ugu Yar |
1.20mm |
0.50mm |
Block |
Length |
width |
dhumucdiisuna |
ugu badnaan | 100.00mm |
95.00mm |
50.00mm |
Ugu Yar | 3.80mm |
1.20mm |
0.50mm |
Arc-qayb |
Radiuska dibadda |
Radius gudaha ah |
dhumucdiisuna |
ugu badnaan | 75mm |
65mm |
50mm |
Ugu Yar | 1.9mm |
0.6mm |
0.5mm |
1. Magnetized-ka joogtada ah ee birlabeedka leh oo leh goob birlabeed xooggan ayaa soo jiidata birta iyo arrimaha kale ee birta ah ee ku hareeraysan si weyn. Marka la eego xaaladaha caadiga ah, hawlwadeenka gacanta waa inuu aad uga taxaddaraa si uu uga fogaado waxyeello kasta. Sababo la xiriira xoogga birlabeedka xooggan, magnetka weyn ee iyaga u dhow ayaa halis u ah waxyeello. Dadku had iyo jeer waxay u farsameeyaan magnet-kan si gooni ah ama iyagoo isku dhejinaya. Xaaladdan oo kale, waa inaan kaydinnaa galoofyada ilaalinta ee shaqaynaya.
2. Xaaladdan oo ah goob birlabeed xooggan, qayb kasta oo elektaroonik ah oo macquul ah iyo mitirka tijaabada ayaa laga yaabaa in la beddelo ama la dhaawaco. Fadlan u fiirso in kombayutarka, bandhiga iyo warbaahinta magnetic, tusaale ahaan saxanka magnetic , cajalad magnetka ah iyo cajalad cajalad fiidiyoow iwm, ay ka fog yihiin qaybaha magnetized, dheh in ka badan 2m.
3. Isku dhaca xoogagga soo jiidashada ee u dhexeeya laba birlab oo joogto ah waxay keeni doontaa dhaldhalaal aad u weyn. Sidaa darteed, waxyaabaha gubanaya ama qarxa waa in aan hareerahooda la dhigin.
4. Marka magnetka uu soo gaaro hydrogen, waxaa mamnuuc ah in la isticmaalo birlab joogto ah iyada oo aan la daboolin ilaalinta. Sababta ayaa ah in kala-soocidda hydrogen ay burburin doonto qaab-dhismeedka yar-yar ee magnet-ka waxayna u horseedi doontaa burburinta guryaha magnetic. Sida kaliya ee lagu ilaalin karo birlabka si wax ku ool ah waa in magnetka lagu xidho kiis oo la xidho.