MACNETS MACLUUMAADKA
- Taariikhda iyo Taariikhda
- Design
- Xulashada Magnet
- Daaweynta dusha
- Magnetization
- Range Dimitir, Cabbir iyo dulqaad
- Mabda'a nabdoonaanta ee hawlgalka buugga
Magnet-ka joogtada ahi waa qayb muhiim ka ah nolosha casriga ah. Waxaa laga helaa ama loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro ku dhowaad kasta oo casri ah maanta. Magnet-kii ugu horreeyay ee joogtada ahaa waxaa laga soo saaray dhagxaan si dabiici ah u dhaca oo loo yaqaan hoyestones. Dhagxannadan waxaa markii ugu horraysay baranayey Shiinaha 2500 sano ka hor kadibna Giriiggu, kuwaas oo dhagxaanta ka helay gobolka Magnetes, kaas oo sheygan magaciisa laga helay. Wixii markaas ka dambeeyay, astaamaha qalabka magnet-ka si weyn ayaa loo wanaajiyey maantana maaddooyinka magnet-ka joogtada ahi waxay boqolaal jeer ka xoog badan yihiin magnet Qarniyadii hore. Ereyga magnet-ka joogtada ahi wuxuu ka yimaadaa awooda magnet-ka inuu qabto awood magnet laaluusho ka dib markii laga saaray aaladda magnetizing. Aaladaha noocan oo kale ah waxay noqon karaan kuwo kale oo xoog leh oo Magnetized joogto ah, elektro-magnets ama fiilooyin fiilo leh oo si kooban loogu xukumay koronto. Awooda ay u leeyihiin inay qaadaan awood magnetic ayaa ka dhigaysa inay waxtar u yeeshaan haysashada walxaha meesha, u beddela korantada awood ujeedo iyo dhanka kale (matoorrada iyo matoorrada), ama saamayntooda waxyaabaha kale ee agtooda ah.
Waxqabadka magnetic-ka sareeya waa shaqo injineerida magnetic ka fiican. Macaamiisha u baahan kaalmaynta qaabeynta ama naqshadaha wareegga adag, QM's kooxdaada injineerro khibrad leh iyo injineer iibiyayaal aqoon korodhsi ayaa adeegaaga ku jira. QM Injineerada waxay la shaqeeyaan macaamiisha si ay u horumariyaan ama u ansaxiyaan naqshadaha jira iyo sidoo kale inay horumariyaan naqshado cusub oo soo saaraya saameyn magnetic gaar ah. QM Waxay soo saartaa naqshadaha magnetic-ga leh ee soo gudbiya si aad u xoog badan, unugyo ama dhulal magnetic gaar ah oo badiyaa beddela kuwa waaweyn iyo kuwo aan fiicnayn oo naqshadaha magnet-ka iyo naqshada magnet joogto ah. Macaamiilku way ku kalsoon yihiin marka ay la yimaadaan fikrad adag ama fikrad cusub taas QM ayaa la kulmi doona caqabaddaas iyadoo laga soo qaatay 10 sano oo ah khibrad magnetic. QM wuxuu leeyahay dadka, waxsoosaarka iyo tikniyoolajiyadda birlabyada shaqada u horseeday inay shaqeeyaan.
Xulashada Magnet ee dhammaan codsiyada waa inay tixgeliyaan dhammaan wareegga magnetic iyo bay'ada. Halkee ay Alnico ku habboon tahay, baaxadda magnet waa la yareyn karaa haddii ay noqon karto mid magnetizing ka dib isu urursiga wareegga magnetic. Haddii loo isticmaalo si ka madax banaan qaybaha kale ee wareegga, sida codsiyada amniga, dhererka wax ku oolka ah ee cabirkiisu yahay dhexroor (oo la xiriira iskuxirka labada dhinac) waa inuu ahaadaa mid aad u weyn oo keenaya magnetku inuu ka shaqeeyo jilibka dusheeda wareega qalooca Quagnetization labaad. Codsiyada xasaasiga ah, Magn magnnetka Alnico ayaa laga yaabaa in lagu habeeyo qiimeynta aasaasiga ah ee cabirka qulqulaya cabirka.
Waxsoosaarka wax-qabadka hooseeya wuxuu u nugul yahay saameynta demagnetizing sababo la xiriira meelaha magnetka dibedda, shoogga, iyo heerkulka dalabka. Codsiyada muhiimka ah, magnets Alnico waa lagu xasilin karaa si loo yareeyo saameyntaan Waxaa jira afar fasal oo magnet ganacsi oo casri ah, mid walbana wuxuu ku saleysan yahay waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin. Fasal kasta dhexdiisa waxaa ku jira qoys fasallo leh astaamo magnet oo u gaar ah. Fasalladaan guud waa:
NdFeB iyo SmCo waxaa si wada jir ah loogu yaqaanaa 'Rare Earth magnets' maxaa yeelay waxay labaduba ka kooban yihiin waxyaabo ka kooban koox yar oo ka kooban waxyaabo kooban. Neodymium Iron Boron (guud ahaan halabuurka Nd2Fe14B, badiyaa loo soo gaabiyo NdFeB) ayaa ah kii ugu dambeeyay ee ugu dambeeyay ee lagu daro qoyska qalabka magnetka casriga ah. Heerkulka qolka, magnets NdFeB waxay soo bandhigaan sifooyinka ugu sareeya dhamaan qalabka magnetka. Samarium Cobalt waxaa lagu soo saaray laba halabuur: Sm1Co5 iyo Sm2Co17 - oo badanaa loo yaqaan noocyada SmCo 1: 5 ama SmCo 2:17. 2:17 noocyada, oo leh qiyamka sare ee Hci, waxay bixiyaan xasillooni ka soo dhex baxda noocyada 1: 5. Ceramic, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Ferrite, magnets (guud ahaan halabuurka BaFe2O3 ama SrFe2O3) ayaa la suuq geeyay ilaa 1950-meeyadii oo ay sii wadaan in si ballaadhan loo isticmaalo maanta qiimahooda oo hooseeya awgeed Nooc gaar ah oo ka samaysan magnet-ka dhoobada ayaa ah "Dabacsanaan" alaab ah, oo lagu sameeyay iyadoo lagu xidhayo budada Ceramic ee giraanta jilicsan. Magnooyinka Alnico (guud ahaan halabuurka Al-Ni-Co) waxaa ganacsi ahaan loo sameeyay 1930-yadii ilaa maantana si ballaaran ayaa loo adeegsadaa.
Waxyaabahani waxay soo maraan guryo kala duwan oo u qalma baahiyo kala duwan oo dalabaadka ah. Waxyaabaha soo socdaa waxaa loogu tala galay in lagu bixiyo dulmar guud laakiin ficil ficil ah oo ku saabsan qodobada ay tahay in laga fiirsado marka la dooranayo qalabka ku habboon, darajada, qaabka, iyo cabirka magnetka ee barnaamij gaar ah. Shaxanka hoose wuxuu muujinayaa qiimayaasha caadiga ah ee astaamaha ugu muhiimsan ee heerarka xulasho ee walxaha kala duwan ee isbarbardhiga. Qiyamtan ayaa si faahfaahsan looga wada hadli doonaa qeybaha soo socda.
Isbarbar-dhigga Maadooyinka Magnet
Waxyaabaha | Fasalka | Br | Hc | HCI | BH max | T max (Deg c) * |
NdFeB | 39H | 12,800 | 12,300 | 21,000 | 40 | 150 |
SmCo | 26 | 10,500 | 9,200 | 10,000 | 26 | 300 |
NdFeB | B10N | 6,800 | 5,780 | 10,300 | 10 | 150 |
Alnico | 5 | 12,500 | 640 | 640 | 5.5 | 540 |
dhoobada | 8 | 3,900 | 3,200 | 3,250 | 3.5 | 300 |
debecsan | 1 | 1,500 | 1,380 | 1,380 | 0.6 | 100 |
* T max (heerkulka waxqabadka ugu badan) waa tixraac keliya. Heerkulka ugu sarreeya ee shaqeynaya ee birlab kasta wuxuu kuxiran yahay wareegga magnetku shaqeynayo.
Magnets-ka waxay u baahan karaan daboolida iyadoo kuxiran dalabka loogu talagalay. Maaraduhu wuxuu kor u qaadaa muuqaalka, iska caabinta dillaaca, ka ilaalinta dharka oo laga yaabo inuu ku habboon yahay codsiyada xaaladaha qolka nadiifka ah.
Samarium Cobalt, Alaabada Alnico waa wax daciifa, mana u baahna in la isku daboolo ka-hortagga daxalka. Alnico si fudud ayaa loogu sifeeyaa tayada qurxinta.
Magacyada 'NdFeB' waxay si gaar ah ugu nugul yihiin daxalka waxaana badanaa loo ilaaliyaa habkan. Waxaa jira jaakado kala duwan oo ku habboon birlabyada joogtada ah, Ma aha dhammaan noocyada daahan inay ku habboonaan doonaan shey kasta ama joomatari magnet, iyo doorashada ugu dambeysa waxay ku xirnaan doontaa codsiga iyo jawiga. Ikhtiyaar dheeraad ah waa in guriga lagu hayaa magnet xirmo dibedda ah si looga hortago daxalka iyo dhaawaca.
Mawduucyada la Heli Karo | ||||
Su wajiga | daahan | Adag (Microns) | Color | Resistance |
Hordhac | 1 | Grey Dahab ah | Ilaalin ku meel gaar ah | |
nikkel | Ni + Ni | 10-20 | Lacag dhalaalaysa | Heersare ah qoyaan |
Ni + Cu + Ni | ||||
Zinc | Zn | 8-20 | Blue Bright | Ku Fiican Kala Bixitaanka milixda |
C-Zn | Midab dhalaalaya | Aad u fiican oo ka dhan ah Kala-baxa milixda | ||
Tin | Ni + Cu + Sn | 15-20 | Silver | Kafiican huurka |
Gold | Ni + Cu + Au | 10-20 | Gold | Kafiican huurka |
copper | Ni + Cu | 10-20 | Gold | Ilaalin ku meel gaar ah |
Epoxy | Epoxy | 15-25 | Madow, Casaan, Cawlan | Heersare Aad Uhoreeya Qoyaanka |
Ni + Cu + Epoxy | ||||
Zn + Epoxy | ||||
Chemical | Ni | 10-20 | Grey Dahab ah | Heersare Aad Uhoreeya Qoyaanka |
Parylene | Parylene | 5-20 | Grey | Si heer sare ah oo ka soo horjeedda qoyaan, Sunta Sare ee Ka Hortagga Xalka, Guga, Fungi iyo Bakteeriyada. |
Magnet joogto ah oo la bixiyo laba xaaladood, Magnetized ama aan lahayn magnetized, inta badan lama calaamadeeyo awooddeeda. Haddii adeegsaduhu u baahdo, waxaan ku calaamadayn karnaa polarity ahaan habka lagu heshiiyay. Marka la amrayo amarka, adeegsaduhu waa inuu ku wargaliyaa xaalada keenida iyo haddii calaamadda nambarka loo baahan yahay.
Meeraha magnetization ee magnet-ka joogtada ahi wuxuu la xiriiraa nooca wax magnetic magnetic joogto ah iyo xooggiisa qasabka ah ee maskaxda. Haddii birlabku u baahan yahay magnetization iyo demagnetization, fadlan nala soo xiriir oo weydii taageero farsamo.
Waxaa jira laba dariiqo oo lagu hagaajinayo magnet-ka: beerta DC iyo garaaca wadnaha magnetic.
Waxaa jira seddex qaab oo lagu baabi'inayo magnet-ka: duminta kuleylka waa farsamo hanaan gaar ah. demagnetization ee AC garoonka. Demagnetization ee garoonka DC. Tani waxay ku weydiisaneysaa dhul aad u xoog badan oo magnetic iyo xirfad sare u duminta.
Qaabka joomatari iyo jihada magnetization ee magnet joogtada ah: mabda 'ahaan, waxaan soo saareynaa magnet joogto ah qaabab kala duwan. Badanaa, waxaa ka mid ah baloog, disc, giraan, qeyb iwm. Sawirka faahfaahsan ee jihada magnetization-ka waa kan hoose:
Tilmaamaha Magnetization | ||
ku jihaysan dhumuc ahaan | axially oriented | axially oriented qeybaha |
multipole ku jiheysan qeybaha hal waji | ||
si toos ah u jaheysan * | ku jihaysan dhexroor * | multipole ku jiheystay qaybaha dhexroor gudaha ah * dhammaantood waa la heli karaa sida ashyaa'da loo yaqaan 'isotropic' ama walxaha auxotropic * waxaa lagu heli karaa oo keliya aagagga loo yaqaan 'isotropic' iyo waxyaabo auxotropic gaar ah oo keliya |
radially u janjeedha | ku jihaysan dheemanka |
Marka laga reebo cabirka dhanka jihada magnetization, cabirka ugu badan ee birlabka joogtada ah kama badna 50mm, oo ay ku xaddidan tahay jiheynta jihaynta iyo qalabka qallooca. Cabbirka jihada unmagnetization-ku waa ilaa 100mm.
Dulqaadku badanaa waa +/- 0.05 - +/- 0.10mm.
Tilmaam: Qaabab kale ayaa lagu soo saari karaa iyada oo loo eegayo muunadda macaamiisha ama daabacaadda buluugga ah
giraanta | Qodobada Dharka ah | Ballaca Inner | dhumucdiisuna |
ugu badnaan | 100.00mm | 95.00m | 50.00mm |
Ugu Yar | 3.80mm | 1.20mm | 0.50mm |
Disc | Ballaca | dhumucdiisuna |
ugu badnaan | 100.00mm | 50.00mm |
Ugu Yar | 1.20mm | 0.50mm |
Block | Length | width | dhumucdiisuna |
ugu badnaan | 100.00mm | 95.00mm | 50.00mm |
Ugu Yar | 3.80mm | 1.20mm | 0.50mm |
Qayb-arc | Oday Radius | Gudaha Raadius | dhumucdiisuna |
ugu badnaan | 75mm | 65mm | 50mm |
Ugu Yar | 1.9mm | 0.6mm | 0.5mm |
1. Magnetized magnetized joogto ah oo leh magnetic xoog leh waxay soo jiidataa birta iyo arrimaha kale ee magnetic ku wareegsan si weyn. Xaaladda guud, hawlwadeenka buugga ayaa ah inay aad uga taxaddaraan si looga fogaado wixii dhaawac ah. Sababo la xiriira xoogga magnetic xoog leh, magnet weyn ee u dhow waxay qaadanayaan khatarta waxyeelada. Dadku had iyo jeer waxay u kalashaqeeyaan magnet-kan si gooni gooni ah ama qeylo. Xaaladdan oo kale, waa inaan kaydinaa galoofyada ilaalinta ee shaqeynaya.
2. Xaaladdan oo ah goob magnetic xoog leh, qayb walboo elektiroonig ah oo macquul ah iyo mitirka tijaabada waa la beddeli karaa ama dhaawici karaa. Fadlan iska ilaali in kombuyuutarka, soosaarida iyo warbaahinta magnetic, tusaale ahaan maqalka magnetic, cajaladda cajaladda maqalka iyo cajaladda fiidiyowga iwm, ay aad uga fog yihiin iskuulada magnetized, dheh wax ka badan 2m.
3. Isku dhaca ciidamada soo jiidanaya ee u dhexeeya labada magnet joogtada ahi waxay keenaysaa iftiin aad u weyn. Sidaa darteed, arrimaha ololi kara ama waxyaabaha qarxa waa inaan lagu ag dhigin hareerahooda.
4. Marka birlabka ay ku dhacdo sunta hydrogen, waa mamnuuc in la isticmaalo birlabyo joogto ah oo aan lahayn dabool daboolid. Sababta ayaa ah in sixirka hydrogen-ka uu burburin doono microilite-ka magnetka isla markaana horseedi doono burburka guryaha magnetic. Sida kaliya ee looga ilaalin karo magnetka wax ku oolka ah waa in ay ku xirnaato magnetka kiis isla markaana ay xirato.