ZAMBIRI ZA MAGNETS
- Mbiri ndi Mbiri
- Design
- Kutuluka kwa Kupanga
- Kusankha Magnet
- Chithandizo Pamwamba
- Maginito
- Kukula kwa Kukula, Kukula ndi kulolerana
- Mfundo zoyendetsera chitetezo pamanja
Maginito osatha ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wamakono. Amapezeka mkati kapena amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga pafupifupi chilichonse chamakono masiku ano. Maginito oyambirira okhazikika anapangidwa kuchokera ku miyala yachilengedwe yotchedwa lodestones. Miyala iyi idaphunziridwa koyamba zaka 2500 zapitazo ndi achi China ndipo pambuyo pake ndi Agiriki, omwe adapeza mwalawu kuchokera kuchigawo cha Magnetes, komwe zidatenga dzina lake. Kuyambira pamenepo, mphamvu za maginito zakhala zikuyenda bwino kwambiri ndipo zida zamasiku ano zokhazikika za maginito ndizolimba kuwirikiza mazana ambiri kuposa maginito akale. Mawu akuti maginito okhazikika amachokera ku kuthekera kwa maginito kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu ya maginito itachotsedwa pa chipangizo cha magnetizing. Zida zotere zitha kukhala maginito okhazikika amphamvu, maginito amagetsi kapena ma waya omwe amayikidwa ndi magetsi kwakanthawi. Kukhoza kwawo kugwira maginito kumawapangitsa kukhala othandiza posungira zinthu, kutembenuza magetsi kukhala mphamvu zopangira mphamvu komanso mosiyana (motor ndi jenereta), kapena kukhudza zinthu zina zomwe zimabweretsedwa pafupi nawo.
Kuchita bwino kwambiri kwa maginito ndi ntchito yaukadaulo wamaginito. Kwa makasitomala omwe amafunikira thandizo la mapangidwe kapena mapangidwe ozungulira, Zithunzi za QM gulu la akatswiri odziwa ntchito zamainjiniya ndi akatswiri odziwa bwino malonda akumunda ali pa ntchito yanu. QM Mainjiniya amagwira ntchito ndi makasitomala kukonza kapena kutsimikizira mapangidwe omwe alipo komanso kupanga mapangidwe atsopano omwe amatulutsa mphamvu yapadera yamaginito. QM apanga maginito opanga maginito omwe amapereka mphamvu zamphamvu kwambiri, zofananira kapena zowoneka mwapadera zomwe nthawi zambiri zimalowetsa maginito akuluakulu komanso osagwira ntchito bwino ndi maginito okhazikika. Makasitomala ndi chidaliro pamene Hey kubweretsa mfundo zovuta kapena lingaliro latsopano kuti QM adzathana ndi vutoli potenga zaka 10 zaukadaulo wotsimikizika wa maginito. QM ali ndi anthu, zogulitsa ndi ukadaulo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito maginito.
Kusankhidwa kwa maginito pazogwiritsa ntchito zonse kuyenera kuganizira maginito onse ndi chilengedwe. Kumene Alnico ndi koyenera, kukula kwa maginito kumatha kuchepetsedwa ngati kungakhale kochititsa chidwi pambuyo pa msonkhano mu dera la maginito. Ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito mosagwirizana ndi zigawo zina zozungulira, monga momwe zimakhalira pachitetezo, kutalika kwake mpaka m'mimba mwake (zogwirizana ndi gawo la permeance) ziyenera kukhala zazikulu mokwanira kuti maginito azigwira ntchito pamwamba pa bondo pamapindikira ake achiwiri a quadrant demagnetization. Pamagwiritsidwe ovuta, maginito a Alnico amatha kusinthidwa kukhala mtengo wokhazikika wa kachulukidwe.
Chomwe chimachokera ku kukakamiza kocheperako ndikukhudzidwa ndi zotsatira za demagnetizing chifukwa cha maginito akunja, kugwedezeka, ndi kutentha kwa ntchito. Pazogwiritsa ntchito zovuta, maginito a Alnico amatha kukhazikika kutentha kuti muchepetse zotsatirazi Pali magulu anayi amagetsi amakono ogulitsa, lililonse kutengera kapangidwe kawo. Mkati mwa kalasi iliyonse muli gulu la magiredi omwe ali ndi maginito awo. Magulu awa ndi awa:
NdFeB ndi SmCo onse amadziwika kuti Rare Earth maginito chifukwa onse amapangidwa ndi zinthu zochokera ku Rare Earth gulu la zinthu. Neodymium Iron Boron (zolemba zonse Nd2Fe14B, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafupikitsidwa ku NdFeB) ndizowonjezera zaposachedwa kwambiri pagulu la zida zamakono zamaginito. Pazipinda kutentha, NdFeB maginito amasonyeza katundu wapamwamba wa zipangizo zonse maginito. Samarium Cobalt amapangidwa mu nyimbo ziwiri: Sm1Co5 ndi Sm2Co17 - nthawi zambiri amatchedwa SmCo 1: 5 kapena SmCo 2:17 mitundu. Mitundu ya 2:17, yokhala ndi ma Hci apamwamba kwambiri, imapereka kukhazikika kwachilengedwe kuposa mitundu ya 1: 5. Ceramic, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Ferrite, maginito (zolemba zonse BaFe2O3 kapena SrFe2O3) akhala akugulitsidwa kuyambira m'ma 1950 ndipo akupitiriza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri lero chifukwa cha mtengo wawo wotsika. Mtundu wapadera wa maginito a Ceramic ndi "Flexible" zinthu, zopangidwa ndi kulumikiza ufa wa Ceramic mu chomangira chosinthika. Maginito a Alnico (al-Ni-Co) adagulitsidwa m'ma 1930 ndipo akugwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri masiku ano.
Zidazi zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito. Zotsatirazi zikufuna kupereka chidule cha zinthu zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha zinthu zoyenera, kalasi, mawonekedwe, ndi kukula kwa maginito kuti agwiritse ntchito. Tchati chomwe chili m'munsichi chikuwonetsa mikhalidwe yofunikira yamagulu osankhidwa azinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti mufananize. Mfundozi zidzakambidwa mwatsatanetsatane m'magawo otsatirawa.
Maginito Zinthu Zofananira
Zofunika | kalasi | Br | Hc | Hci | BH max | T max(Deg c)* |
Ndi FeB | 39H | 12,800 | 12,300 | 21,000 | 40 | 150 |
Zamgululi | 26 | 10,500 | 9,200 | 10,000 | 26 | 300 |
Ndi FeB | Zamgululi | 6,800 | 5,780 | 10,300 | 10 | 150 |
Alnico | 5 | 12,500 | 640 | 640 | 5.5 | 540 |
ceramic | 8 | 3,900 | 3,200 | 3,250 | 3.5 | 300 |
kusintha | 1 | 1,500 | 1,380 | 1,380 | 0.6 | 100 |
* T max (kutentha kokwanira kogwira ntchito) ndi kungofotokozera kokha. Kutentha kwakukulu kogwira ntchito kwa maginito aliwonse kumadalira dera lomwe maginito akugwiramo.
Maginito angafunikire kuphimbidwa malinga ndi momwe akufunira. Maginito opaka amawongolera mawonekedwe, kukana dzimbiri, kutetezedwa kuti asavale ndipo atha kukhala oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipinda zoyera.
Samarium Cobalt, Alnico zipangizo ndi zosagwira dzimbiri, ndipo safuna kuti yokutidwa ndi dzimbiri. Alnico imayikidwa mosavuta kuti ikhale ndi zodzikongoletsera.
Maginito a NdFeB amakhala ndi dzimbiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amatetezedwa motere. Pali zokutira zosiyanasiyana zoyenera maginito okhazikika, Sikuti mitundu yonse ya zokutira ingakhale yoyenera pazinthu zilizonse kapena maginito geometry, ndipo kusankha komaliza kumatengera momwe angagwiritsire ntchito komanso chilengedwe. Njira inanso ndikuyika maginito mubokosi lakunja kuti zisawonongeke komanso kuwonongeka.
Maseti Opangira | ||||
Pamwamba | ❖ kuyanika | Kunenepa (Microns) | mtundu | kukaniza |
Passivation | 1 | Grey Grey | Chitetezo Chakanthawi | |
faifi tambala | Ni + Ni | 10-20 | Chiyero Chachikulu | Zabwino kwambiri pokana Chinyezi |
Ni + Cu + Ni | ||||
nthaka | Zn | 8-20 | Bright Blue | Zabwino Pokana Mchere |
C-Zn | Mtundu wa Shinny | Chabwino Koposa Mchere wamchere | ||
Tin | Ni + Cu + Sn | 15-20 | Silver | Wapamwamba Kulimbana ndi Chinyezi |
Gold | Ni + Cu + Au | 10-20 | Gold | Wapamwamba Kulimbana ndi Chinyezi |
Mkuwa | Ni + Cu | 10-20 | Gold | Chitetezo Chakanthawi |
epoxy | epoxy | 15-25 | Chakuda, Chofiyira, Chachikulu | Zabwino Kwambiri Pokana Chinyezi |
Ni + Cu + Epoxy | ||||
Zn + Epoxy | ||||
Chemical | Ni | 10-20 | Grey Grey | Zabwino Kwambiri Pokana Chinyezi |
Parylene | Parylene | 5-20 | Grey | Zabwino Kwambiri Pokana Chinyezi, Mchere Wamchere. Wopambana Kuthana ndi Madzi, Magesi, Mafangayi ndi Bacteria. |
Maginito osatha omwe amaperekedwa pansi pazifukwa ziwiri, Maginito kapena opanda maginito, nthawi zambiri samadziwika kuti ndi polarity. Ngati wogwiritsa angafunike, titha kuyika chizindikiro cha polarity ndi njira zomwe tagwirizana. Poyendetsa dongosolo, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adziwitse momwe akuperekera komanso ngati chizindikiro cha polarity ndichofunika.
Munda wa maginito wa maginito okhazikika umagwirizana ndi mtundu wokhazikika wazinthu zamaginito ndi mphamvu yake yokakamiza. Ngati maginito akufunika magnetization ndi demagnetization, chonde lemberani ndikupempha thandizo laukadaulo.
Pali njira ziwiri zopangira maginito maginito: DC field ndi pulse magnetic field.
Pali njira zitatu zochotsera maginito maginito: demagnetization ndi kutentha ndi njira yapadera. demagnetization mu gawo la AC. Demagnetization mu gawo la DC. Izi zimafuna mphamvu ya maginito yamphamvu kwambiri komanso luso lapamwamba la demagnetization.
Mawonekedwe a geometry ndi mayendedwe a magnetization a maginito okhazikika: kwenikweni, timapanga maginito okhazikika mumitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, imaphatikizapo chipika, chimbale, mphete, gawo ndi zina zambiri. Chithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha mayendedwe a magnetization chili pansipa:
Mayendedwe a Magnetization | ||
yolunjika kupyolera mu makulidwe | axially oriented | axially oriented mu magawo |
oriented laterally multipole pa nkhope imodzi | multipole oriented m'magawo akunja awiri * | multipole oriented mu zigawo pa nkhope imodzi |
zozungulira mozungulira * | ozungulira m'mimba mwake * | multipole oriented m'magawo mkati mwake * zonse zimapezeka ngati isotropic kapena anisotropic *zimapezeka mu isotropic ndi zida zina za anisotropic zokha |
radially oriented | diametrical oriented |
Pokhapokha muyeso mu malangizo a magnetization, pazipita gawo la maginito okhazikika si upambana 50mm, amene ali malire ndi munda lolunjika ndi zida sintering. Kukula kwa njira ya unmagnetization kumafika 100mm.
Kulekerera kumakhala +/-0.05 -- +/-0.10mm.
Zindikirani: Mawonekedwe ena amatha kupangidwa motengera chitsanzo cha kasitomala kapena kusindikiza kwabuluu
mphete | Dera la kunja | Dera la mkati | makulidwe |
Zolemba | 100.00mm | 95.00m | 50.00mm |
osachepera | 3.80mm | 1.20mm | 0.50mm |
Disc | awiri | makulidwe |
Zolemba | 100.00mm | 50.00mm |
osachepera | 1.20mm | 0.50mm |
Dulani | utali | m'lifupi | makulidwe |
Zolemba | 100.00mm | 95.00mm | 50.00mm |
osachepera | 3.80mm | 1.20mm | 0.50mm |
Arc-gawo | Radiyasi Wakunja | Radius Yamkati | makulidwe |
Zolemba | 75mm | 65mm | 50mm |
osachepera | 1.9mm | 0.6mm | 0.5mm |
1. Maginito okhazikika okhala ndi mphamvu ya maginito amakopa chitsulo ndi zinthu zina za maginito zowazungulira kwambiri. Pazofanana, wogwiritsa ntchito pamanja ayenera kusamala kwambiri kuti asawonongeke. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya maginito, maginito aakulu omwe ali pafupi nawo amatenga chiopsezo chowonongeka. Anthu nthawi zonse amakonza maginitowa mosiyana kapena pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe. Pankhaniyi, tiyenera kuvala magolovesi chitetezo ntchito.
2. Munthawi iyi yamphamvu yamaginito, gawo lililonse lanzeru lamagetsi ndi mita yoyesera zitha kusinthidwa kapena kuonongeka. Chonde onetsetsani kuti kompyuta, zowonetsera ndi maginito, mwachitsanzo maginito chimbale, maginito kaseti kaseti ndi matepi kujambula kanema etc., zili kutali ndi zigawo maginito, kunena kutali 2m.
3. Kugundana kwa mphamvu zokopa pakati pa maginito awiri okhazikika kumabweretsa kunyezimira kwakukulu. Choncho, zinthu zoyaka moto kapena zophulika siziyenera kuikidwa mozungulira.
4. Maginito akakumana ndi haidrojeni, ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito maginito osatha popanda zokutira zoteteza. Chifukwa chake ndikuti sorption ya haidrojeni idzawononga microstructure ya maginito ndikuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa maginito. Njira yokhayo yotetezera maginito bwino ndikutsekera maginito mubokosi ndikusindikiza.